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Plos One:浆膜腔积液T-SPOT.TB检测优于外周血

2014-03-20 记者 段文利 张丽帆 医学论坛网

结核性浆膜炎是常见肺外结核的一种,在结核高流行区是形成浆膜腔积液的常见原因之一。既往常用的病原学或组织学阳性是该病诊断的金标准,但存在分枝杆菌培养耗时长、敏感性低等缺点,组织病理学则是有创检查。为找到更理想的诊断方法,北京协和医院感染内科刘晓清、张丽帆、张月秋等以该院2008年至2011年间疑诊为结核性浆膜炎的206例住院病人为对象开展了一项前瞻性的细胞免疫学研究。结果显示,在结核高流行区

结核性浆膜炎是常见肺外结核的一种,在结核高流行区是形成浆膜腔积液的常见原因之一。既往常用的病原学或组织学阳性是该病诊断的金标准,但存在分枝杆菌培养耗时长、敏感性低等缺点,组织病理学则是有创检查。为找到更理想的诊断方法,北京协和医院感染内科刘晓清、张丽帆、张月秋等以该院2008年至2011年间疑诊为结核性浆膜炎的206例住院病人为对象开展了一项前瞻性的细胞免疫学研究。结果显示,在结核高流行区,与外周血T-SPOT.TB相比,浆膜腔积液T-SPOT.TB在辅助诊断结核性浆膜炎方面更具敏感性和特异性。相关的研究论文发表在2014年1月的Plos One杂志上。

外周血T-SPOT.TB是辅助诊断结核感染的细胞免疫学新方法,大量研究已证实其检测结果并不受卡介苗(BCG)免疫接种的影响,在鉴别诊断结核分枝杆菌感染和非结核分枝杆菌感染方面既敏感又特异。但它的缺点是不能区分活动性结核病与潜伏性结核感染。而在像中国这样的结核高流行地区,由于潜伏性结核感染率较高,不可避免地降低了外周血T-SPOT.TB诊断活动性结核病的特异性。有没有其他更好的方法来弥补外周血T-SPOT.TB检测的特异性不足呢?研究者们把目光瞄准了结核活动部位的结核特异性T细胞检测。

刘晓清带领课题组对北京协和医院2008年6月至2011年9月收住的、以包括胸腔积液、腹腔积液、心包积液等在内的浆膜腔积液为主要临床表现的、疑诊为结核性浆膜炎的206例住院病人开展了一项前瞻性研究,比较了浆膜腔积液T-SPOT.TB和外周血T-SPOT.TB两种检测方法对结核性浆膜炎的诊断价值。研究结果显示:以每百万单个核细胞里的斑点形成细胞24(SFCs/106MC)为临界值,浆膜腔积液T-SPOT.TB的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.9%、87.1%、85.0%、93.1%,均显著高于外周血T-SPOT.TB检测(73.0%、73.1%、68.45、77.3%)。同时,浆膜腔积液结核特异性T细胞计数显著高于外周血,是后者的4.6倍。研究结果支持了结核性浆膜炎发生时结核特异性T细胞从外周血向浆膜腔迁移的理论。

研究组同时通过绘制受试者工作特性曲线,得出浆膜腔积液T-SPOT.TB诊断结核性浆膜炎的最佳临界值为56(SFCs/106SEMC)。此时敏感性90.5%,特异性89.2%,阳性预测值87.0%,阴性预测值92.2%。

由于浆膜腔积液T-SPOT.TB显著提高了诊断试验的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,刘晓清等建议临床应用上将浆膜腔积液T-SPOT.TB与外周血T-SPOT.TB进行联合检测。当浆膜腔积液T-SPOT.TB与外周血T-SPOT.TB二者的斑点形成细胞数之比大于1时,更倾向于诊断结核性浆膜炎。此外,刘晓清还提示了浆膜腔积液T-SPOT.TB检测对标本采集的严格要求。需采集新鲜、肝素抗凝的浆膜腔积液,用无菌容器室温存放、不可冷藏,并于4小时之内送检。如标本留取不当,会影响检测结果。

原始来源:
Lifan Zhang, Yueqiu Zhang, Xiaochun Shi, Yao Zhang, Guohua Deng, Ajit Lalvani, Xiaoqing Liu .Utility of T-Cell Interferon-γ Release Assays for Diagnosing Tuberculous Serositis: A Prospective Study in Beijing, China. Plos One,Published: January 09, 2014DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.008503

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    2014-04-23 仁心济世
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