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Neurosci Biobehav R:脑成像和数学模拟预测自闭症大脑活动

2012-04-10 Beyond 生物谷

新的脑成像和计算机模拟预测自闭症大脑活性和行为 目前,来自Carnegie Mellon University's Marcel研究部分解释了自闭症的奥秘,为科学家开发自闭症的干预和疗法提供了明确的目标。 自闭症一直是科学之谜,主要是由于其症状多样化和症状之间看似没有联系的相关性。 在发表在Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews杂志上研究中,Just

新的脑成像和计算机模拟预测自闭症大脑活性和行为

目前,来自Carnegie Mellon University's Marcel研究部分解释了自闭症的奥秘,为科学家开发自闭症的干预和疗法提供了明确的目标。

自闭症一直是科学之谜,主要是由于其症状多样化和症状之间看似没有联系的相关性。

在发表在Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews杂志上研究中,Just和他的团队用脑成像技术和数学模型揭示了自闭症的人大脑白质束发生了什么改变,以及这些改变是如何能影响大脑功能的。大脑白质束连接功能的不足会影响大脑之间信号的传播速度。

迪特里希学院人文及社会科学大学的脑成像中心主任、心理学教授Just说:白质束是人大脑中的“无名英雄”。在孤独症患者中我们可以评价白质束的质量(好坏),我们的数学模型可以预测白质束是如何协调大脑活动的。这使我们精确了解是什么影响了自闭症患者的大脑思维。

这些研究结果的基础是2004年相当有影响力的“自闭症额后underconnectivity理论” (Frontal-Posterior Underconnectivity Theory of Autism),该理论首次发现并解释在自闭症中额叶和脑后部区激活的同步性是低的。从那时起,Just和他的团队用更先进的成像技术特别是白质束扩散成像技术和先进的数学模型发现,自闭症的白质束也改变了。他们使用数学模型,在孤独症个体中能将连接额叶和脑后部区的质量较差的白质束与额叶和后部区域较差的同步性相联系起来。

通过数学模型模拟对应额叶和后部脑区之间的协调活动,能够解决一些问题如Tower of London(在额叶功能神经心理测试中经常出现)。该模型可以操纵额叶和后部区域之间的通信带宽(也即同步性)。结果发现校正模型可以预测人大脑激活区域间的同步性、额叶后的通信带宽以及个别白质束的质量。

Just解释说:大脑对信息的加工是由大脑各区域网络相互作用的,其中有些是大脑前部的,其中一些是后部的。自闭症可能是由前后额连接异常造成的。同样,语言理解障碍也是由大脑额叶和后部区域的网络连接异常所引起的。

Just补充说:“这就告诉我们自闭症的问题在哪里,我们现在可以专注于设计疗法去尝试改善白质束,我们已经证明通过行为干预能改善白质束”。

在2009年发表的开创性研究中,Just和他的同事第一次发现阅读障碍儿童的脑白质束损害通过疗法是可以修复的。他们的成像研究表明治疗后,脑白质束质量提高,个别儿童的阅读表现也提高了。

Just说:“这项新研究和模型提出了修改人大脑的思路方式,并可能帮助患有自闭症的人。同时研究也指出自闭症的可能起因”。

除自闭症外,这些发现对其他精神疾病也有意义,如精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默氏病等白质束缺陷的疾病。(生物谷:Bioon)

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.007
PMC:
PMID:

Autism as a neural systems disorder: A theory of frontal-posterior underconnectivity.

Marcel Adam Just, Timothy A. Keller, Vicente L. Malave, Rajesh K. Kana, Sashank Varma.

The underconnectivity theory of autism attributes the disorder to lower anatomical and functional systems connectivity between frontal and more posterior cortical processing. Here we review evidence for the theory and present a computational model of an executive functioning task (Tower of London) implementing the assumptions of underconnectivity. We make two modifications to a previous computational account of performance and brain activity in typical individuals in the Tower of London task (Newman et al., 2003): (1) the communication bandwidth between frontal and parietal areas was decreased and (2) the posterior centers were endowed with more executive capability (i.e., more autonomy, an adaptation is proposed to arise in response to the lowered frontal-posterior bandwidth). The autism model succeeds in matching the lower frontal-posterior functional connectivity (lower synchronization of activation) seen in fMRI data, as well as providing insight into behavioral response time results. The theory provides a unified account of how a neural dysfunction can produce a neural systems disorder and a psychological disorder with the widespread and diverse symptoms of autism.

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    2012-12-21 sunylz
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    2012-07-08 仁者大医
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    2012-04-12 一叶知秋
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1916866, encodeId=c73e1916866d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Dec 21 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1948817, encodeId=04cd194881e71, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8249848652c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑成像#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84865, encryptionId=8249848652c, topicName=脑成像)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e03212, createdName=liao1619, createdTime=Sat Sep 29 04:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947815, encodeId=1498194e8150c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e54d8483db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HAV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8483, encryptionId=e54d8483db, topicName=HAV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Sun Jul 08 10:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1363826, encodeId=8c9f136382603, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7c5615628ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15628, encryptionId=7c5615628ad, topicName=ROS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521821, encodeId=2f13152182127, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f83866137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6613, encryptionId=f83866137f, topicName=EHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=937d11405368, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527513, encodeId=20a1152e5139c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-04-12 qjddjq
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1916866, encodeId=c73e1916866d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Dec 21 02:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1948817, encodeId=04cd194881e71, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8249848652c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑成像#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84865, encryptionId=8249848652c, topicName=脑成像)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e03212, createdName=liao1619, createdTime=Sat Sep 29 04:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947815, encodeId=1498194e8150c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e54d8483db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HAV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8483, encryptionId=e54d8483db, topicName=HAV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Sun Jul 08 10:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1363826, encodeId=8c9f136382603, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7c5615628ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15628, encryptionId=7c5615628ad, topicName=ROS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521821, encodeId=2f13152182127, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f83866137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6613, encryptionId=f83866137f, topicName=EHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=937d11405368, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527513, encodeId=20a1152e5139c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 12:27:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-04-12 xiongke014

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