风湿病的艺术史（3）

2014-12-02 常新丁香园

在扬·凡·艾克创作的《羔羊的颂赞》(1432年)中有一组施洗约翰的形象，其左手拇指可见典型的赫伯登结节。在画作《布拉邦公爵若翰四世》(1441年)中，这位佛莱德斯画家还描绘了天鹅颈样和纽扣花样畸形。在他创作于1436年的另一幅著名画作《卡农的圣母》中，教士凡·德帕勒的左侧颞动脉突出伴瘢痕形成，左耳前的头发及眉毛缺失，左手有弥漫性肿胀。这很容易使人联想到风湿性多肌痛的大动脉炎，而大动脉炎直至1932

在扬·凡·艾克创作的《羔羊的颂赞》(1432年)中有一组施洗约翰的形象，其左手拇指可见典型的赫伯登结节。在画作《布拉邦公爵若翰四世》(1441年)中，这位佛莱德斯画家还描绘了天鹅颈样和纽扣花样畸形。在他创作于1436年的另一幅著名画作《卡农的圣母》中，教士凡·德帕勒的左侧颞动脉突出伴瘢痕形成，左耳前的头发及眉毛缺失，左手有弥漫性肿胀。这很容易使人联想到风湿性多肌痛的大动脉炎，而大动脉炎直至1932年才命名。皮耶罗·迪·科西莫在其1505年绘制的《Francesco Giamberti肖像画》中也表现了这一疾病。

扬·凡·艾克(Jan Van Eyck)(1385年-1441年)，尼德兰画家，被誉为“油画之父”。其《根特祭坛画》是尼德兰文艺复兴初期的艺术巨制。《羔羊的颂赞》处在下方正中，是整个组画的核心。

《卡农的圣母》，画中教士形象是典型的巨细胞动脉炎(颞动脉炎)表现。巨细胞动脉炎病因不明，是成人中最常见的系统性血管炎，主要累及50岁以上患者颈动脉的颅外分支，最严重的并发症是不可逆的视觉丧失。

皮耶罗·迪·科西莫(1462 - 1521)，文艺复兴时期的意大利代表画家之一。这位画中人Francesco Giamberti 也有类似颞动脉炎的表现。相比这位被美第奇家族雇佣的老设计师，其子Giuliano da Sangallo更加有名，是意大利文艺复兴时期著名的雕塑家、设计师和军事工程师，美第奇家族的首席建筑师。科西莫也为Giuliano da Sangallo绘制过肖像画。

1983年，Alarcon-Segovia等指出，佛罗伦萨派画家桑德罗·波提切利在其《一个年轻人的肖像》中，描绘了腕关节、掌指关节和近端指间关节的肿胀，而这些改变提示画中少年可能患有幼年型特发性关节炎，而不能仅用技法差池来解释。然而，1年后Dequeker 和Lede质疑了这一发现，指出波提切利的其他画作(如《维纳斯的诞生》)中也有这些手部特征，以及踝部和足趾的肿胀。与其说是关节炎，更像是一种艺术手法和风格。

波提切利在完美和谐的艺术形式上较波拉约洛更胜一筹。但为了达到这一目的，他部分牺牲了画像的稳定性，人像的细节表达并不像波拉约洛或马萨乔那样正确。波提切利画作中优美的动作和线条承自14世纪，以基贝尔蒂以及安杰立科为代表的哥特艺术，并有西蒙?马丁尼和尼坡?梅里的风采闪耀其中。波提切利为获取优雅的形象、达到更高的美与和谐而放弃了自然，但其难以置信的对人的优美精致做出的描绘令人印象深刻。

桑德罗·波提切利(Sandro Botticelli，1445—1510)是15世纪末佛罗伦萨的著名画家，意大利肖像画的先驱者。上图中的少年腕、掌指和近端指间关节肿胀，使人容易联想到其罹患关节炎的可能;但当我们在名画《维纳斯的诞生》中看到刚刚从海水的浪花中诞生的爱与美之神维纳斯也有类似的表现时，这就更像是一种绘画技法了。

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2016-03-14 忠诚向上

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好好学习，继续研究

77 0
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2016-03-14 忠诚向上

好好学习，继续研究

143 0
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2016-03-14 忠诚向上

好好学习，继续研究

125 0
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2016-03-14 忠诚向上

好好学习，继续研究

152 0
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2015-08-09 kksonne

#艺术#

47 0

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