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Leukemia:重磅新概念!新手段-全基因组分析识别“Double-hit”多发性骨髓瘤

2018-07-14 不忘初心 肿瘤资讯

在新诊断多发性骨髓瘤(NDMM)中建立的迄今为止最大的分子和临床数据集全基因组分析中,将具有TP53双等位基因失活和/或CKS1B(1q21)扩增(≥4个拷贝)的国际分期系统(ISS)Ⅲ期MM患者定义为Double-Hit MM占6.1%,中位OS为20.7月。

在新诊断多发性骨髓瘤(NDMM)中建立的迄今为止最大的分子和临床数据集全基因组分析中,将具有TP53双等位基因失活和/或CKS1B(1q21)扩增(≥4个拷贝)的国际分期系统(ISS)Ⅲ期MM患者定义为Double-Hit MM占6.1%,中位OS为20.7月。

研究背景及目的:在过去的二十年中,NDMM患者的治疗取得显着进展,但高危NDMM患者获益甚微。高危组NDMM患者预后不良,但在诊断时识别这些高危MM患者仍然是一个挑战。关于高危组NDMM的定义目前在临床实践中仍未达成一致。目前的方法主要依赖于细胞遗传学和临床指标来定义高危组患者;然而,这些变量的不同组合导致了不同的高危人群。具有生物活性的DNA驱动因素是决定癌症行为的关键因素,并且在临床实验室中易于测量。作为MM基因组计划(MGP)的一部分,研究人员建立了与NDMM临床预后相关的分子大数据库,提供了足够的数据来识别与高危组患者相关的变量。本研究着重分析确定高危患者早期复发和死亡的临床关键问题,通过识别高危患者,进而改变治疗策略,改善临床预后。

研究方法:MGP是一项持续的合作研究计划,用于评估和分析从NDMM患者(n=1273例)中所获得样本的遗传学数据。该项目收集了多等级遗传学数据,使其能够识别全谱的分子驱动因素。这些数据来自欧洲和美国等多个研究机构,并有广泛认可的质量控制。本研究通过整合MGP中分子因素与ISS分期等临床数据,将NDMM患者进行危险分层。具体详见图1。


图1:研究流程

研究结果

遗传因素在预测MM预后中的作用:基因结构重排、SNV突变和CN异常被称为识别MM的关键驱动基因。为了明确这些变量是否有助于评估风险状态,本研究将其与目前使用的风险标记包括ISS、IMWG风险分层及复发时间进行了对比。MM获得性遗传变异与临床风险组的关联情况详见图2。


图2:MM获得性遗传变异与临床风险组的关联

单变量Cox回归分析结果:为了确定高危患者的标志物,本研究分析了784例具有完整的ISS、PFS、OS和基因组数据的NDMM患者。单变量分析结果显示:ISS I期,TRAF3突变与预后良好相关;而ISS II、III期,年龄≥65岁,TGDS突变,CKS1B扩增,FAM46C、RPL5、FGFR3或PARK2丢失和CDNK2C、TP53单等位基因或双等位基因失活等与预后不良相关,详见图3。


图3:单因素分析结果中与预后相关的分子和临床指标

多变量Cox回归分析结果:研究人员将单变量分析有意义的临床及遗传学相关指标进一步作了多变量Cox回归分析。结果显示:TP53双等位基因失活、CKS1B扩增和t(4;14)在多变量分析模型中有意义,详见图4。


图4:多因素分析结果中与预后相关的分子和临床指标

通过递归分区识别高危即Double-Hit MM患者:为了识别具有早期进展高风险的MM患者,研究人员使用在PFS多变量Cox模型中鉴定的遗传和临床因素进行递归分区。在仅使用分子特征的初步分析中显示:TP53双等位基因失活和CKS1B基因扩增与差PFS相关;基于此,TP53双等位基因失活和CKS1B扩增被认为是预后不良的遗传特征。随后,研究人员使用临床特征(年龄,ISS)和存在≥1上述确定的两种预后不良遗传特征进行递归分区,详见图5。该分析结果确定了Double-HitMM患者的比例及其临床预后(9.4%,中位PFS11.6月,中位OS 27.2月)。


图5:通过PFS和OS的递归分区模型确定的与风险相关的临床和基因组标记

递归分区模型与IMWG风险分层系统比较:通过递归分区模型识别的Double-Hit与IMWG风险分层系统之间的比较,为Double-Hit患者不良预后提供了背景对照。通过递归分区模型分为Double-Hit组患者的预后较差,即使在IMWG标准低、标危组的患者也应被归类为高风险组。此外,IMWG标准高危组但递归分区模型归类为中、低风险组患者的预后与IMWG标准低危组患者相似,详见图6。


图6:IMWG风险分层与递归分区模型中Double-Hit比较

Double-Hit MM的分子标记:在完整MGP数据中,TP53的缺失率为9.0%,突变率为5.5%,任何TP53事件发生率为11.3%,双等位基因事件发生率为3.7%。与TP53野生型或单等位基因失活相比,TP53双等位基因失活是预后(包括PFS和OS)的关键驱动因素。详见图7。


图7:通过PFS和OS的递归分区模型确定的与风险相关的临床和基因组标记。

定义Double-Hit组的第二个基因组变量为ISS III背景下的CKS1B扩增(≥4个拷贝)。与CKS1B的增加(21.9%,189/863)相反,CKS1B扩增(6.3%,54/863)比例更低。在完整MGP数据中,CKS1B的增加和扩增均与PFS和OS降低相关,但在扩增的患者中更明显。详见图8。


图8:CKS1B作为标记物时1q21的增加和扩增与预后的相关性。

研究结论:研究人员通过将NDMM患者的临床特征与全基因组数据结合进行分析,最终将高危患者锁定在ISS Ⅲ期背景下的双等位基因TP53失活和/或CKS1B(1q21)扩增(≥4个拷贝)的MM患者,并定义为Double-hit MM,占6.1%,中位PFS为15.4月,OS为20.7月。本研究提示,即使采用现代治疗手段,Double-hit患者的预后仍很差,应考虑采用更新而有效的治疗方法。

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    2019-06-19 yuandd
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    2018-07-17 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享学习!!

    0

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    2018-07-16 xxxx1054
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    2018-07-14 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    好文章.学习了.

    0

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