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术中保护性机械通气可降低术后肺部并发症的发生

2015-01-20 靳玉芯 大查房网

美国麻省总医院Karimd医师等的报告指出,术中保护性机械通气可降低术后肺部并发症的发生危险。潮气量≤8.5 mL/kg 预测体重(predicted body weight,PBW)和低平台压可使通气相关的主要术后肺部并发症的发生危险最小化。 每年有数百万的患者接受机械通气,然而至今也没有清晰的最佳术中通气策略共识来指导临床操作。虽然保护性机械通气在重症监护治疗病房中得到广泛应用,但在外科手术

国麻省总医院Karimd医师等的报告指出,术中保护性机械通气可降低术后肺部并发症的发生危险。潮气量≤8.5 mL/kg 预测体重(predicted body weight,PBW)和低平台压可使通气相关的主要术后肺部并发症的发生危险最小化。

每年有数百万的患者接受机械通气,然而至今也没有清晰的最佳术中通气策略共识来指导临床操作。虽然保护性机械通气在重症监护治疗病房中得到广泛应用,但在外科手术中,其作用尚不清楚。为避免手术室内使用机械通气导致患者肺损伤,有必要明确机械通气参数的安全设置范围。

研究者们对接受全身麻醉非心脏手术患者的数据进行前瞻性分析,以评估保护性机械通气对包括主要术后肺部并发症在内的复合转归的影响。保护性机械通气指中位呼气末正压(PEEP)≥5 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),中位潮气量<10 mL/kg PBW,中位平台压<30 cm H2O。次要分析旨在明确术中机械通气的安全设置值,所选参数范围须不会引起通气相关术后呼吸系统并发症发生危险上升。基于已明确的术后呼吸系统衰竭、非保护性机械通气和生理学合理性的预测因素建立回归模型。患者相关的协变量包括:性别、年龄、体质指数、美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)体格情况分级、查尔森合并症指数(Charlson comorbidity index)以及已患有的肺部疾病。特定操作协变量包括:操作类型[基于当前诊治专用码(CPT code)和相对价值单位(relative value units)]、紧急状态、流动性、红细胞输注剂量、术中机械通气持续时间以及硬膜外镇痛置管。

该研究纳入44026例手术患者,其中21219例(48.2%)接受术中保护性机械通气,22807例(51.8%)例接受术中非保护性机械通气。研究结果显示,潮气量和平台压呈单峰广泛分布,PEEP呈双峰分布(见图1)。保护性机械通气组患者术后肺部并发症的发生危险下降,比值比(OR)为0.88[95%可信区间(CI)0.78~0.99,P=0.031]。潮气量≤8.5 mL/kg PBW、平台压≤16 cm H2O时,术后呼吸系统并发症的发生危险最低(见图2、图3)。

研究结果表明,术中保护性机械通气可降低术后肺部并发症的发生危险。潮气量≤8.5 mL/kg PBW和低平台压可最小化通气相关的主要术后肺部并发症发生危险。

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    2015-12-26 hixiaoluo

    值得看,谢谢分享,值得收藏、转发

    0

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    2015-03-29 丁鹏鹏
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    2015-02-24 2063

    不知道 实用性如何

    0

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    2015-02-01 tutu159

    学习了

    0

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