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Cell:意外发现!钾离子通道Kv3.3参与细胞骨架构建,决定神经元存活!

2016-03-22 佚名 生物谷

2016年3月22日/生物谷BIOON/--某些被称作离子通道的蛋白的功能就是调节神经细胞如何兴奋,或者说发送信息。在一项新的研究中,来自美国耶鲁大学等机构的研究人员揭示出一种特定离子通道之前未知的功能:当它发生突变时,能够导致一种罕见的脑部疾病。他们的发现提供一种新的大脑研究方法。相关研究结果于2016年3月17日在线发表在Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Kv3.3 Channels Bind Hax-1 and Arp2/3 to Assemble a Stable Local Actin Network that Regulates Channel Gating”。

钾离子通道Kv3.3发生突变导致一种罕见的小脑神经退行性疾病,这种疾病影响年轻病人甚至新生儿的平衡感和运动能力,不过这种疾病也能够在中年时候发生。在研究突变时,耶鲁大学医学院药物学系教授Leonard Kaczmarek和他的同事们取得一些意想不到的发现。相比于其他的离子通道,Kv3.3离子通道能够构建细胞骨架,即一种组织和塑造细胞的结构。

详细而言,Kv3.3的羧基末端位于细胞质中,含有富含脯氨酸的结构域,而且这个结构域在通过Arp2/3激活肌动蛋白聚集(actin nucleation)的蛋白中是保守的。研究人员发现Kv3.3招募Arp2/3到细胞质膜上,从而导致一种相对稳定的皮层肌动蛋白纤维网络(actin filament network)形成,而且这种网络抵抗细胞松弛素D(cytochalasin D)的作用。Kv3.3羧基末端与Hax-1的结合也会调节Kv3.3对肌动蛋白细胞骨架的影响,其中Hax-1是一种通过Arp2/3调节肌动蛋白聚集的抗凋亡蛋白,调控神经元存活还是死亡。

研究人员还发现,人Kv3.3的保守性富含脯氨酸结构域发生的基因突变产生的钾离子通道,能够结合到Hax-1上,但是会让将Arp2/3招募到细胞质膜上的能力遭受损伤,从而导致神经元生长锥缺乏肌动蛋白的保护。

Kaczmarek说,“这是引人关注的。离子通道应当不会与细胞死亡蛋白(如Hax-1相互作用。它有点好似突然发现你最好朋友在过去20年以杀手的身份工作。”

这项研究有助人们深入认识一种不治之症和大脑功能。Kaczmarek注意到,“这项研究的关键发现是一种之前仅被认为调节神经元如何兴奋的蛋白也有第二项工作:参与控制决定神经元生存或死亡的蛋白的活性,而且它是通过组织它下面的细胞结构来实现这点的。知道离子通道能够以这种方式发挥功能给我们提供一组用于研究和治疗的靶标。”(生物谷 Bioon.com)

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Kv3.3 Channels Bind Hax-1 and Arp2/3 to Assemble a Stable Local Actin Network that Regulates Channel Gating

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.009

Yalan Zhang9, Xiao-Feng Zhang9, Matthew R. Fleming, Anahita Amiri, Lynda El-Hassar, Alexei A. Surguchev, Callen Hyland, David P. Jenkins, Rooma Desai, Maile R. Brown, Valeswara-Rao Gazula, Michael F. Waters, Charles H. Large, Tamas L. Horvath, Dhasakumar Navaratnam, Flora M. Vaccarino, Paul Forschercorrespondenceemail, Leonard K. Kaczmarek

Mutations in the Kv3.3 potassium channel (KCNC3) cause cerebellar neurodegeneration and impair auditory processing. The cytoplasmic C terminus of Kv3.3 contains a proline-rich domain conserved in proteins that activate actin nucleation through Arp2/3. We found that Kv3.3 recruits Arp2/3 to the plasma membrane, resulting in formation of a relatively stable cortical actin filament network resistant to cytochalasin D that inhibits fast barbed end actin assembly. These Kv3.3-associated actin structures are required to prevent very rapid N-type channel inactivation during short depolarizations of the plasma membrane. The effects of Kv3.3 on the actin cytoskeleton are mediated by the binding of the cytoplasmic C terminus of Kv3.3 to Hax-1, an anti-apoptotic protein that regulates actin nucleation through Arp2/3. A human Kv3.3 mutation within a conserved proline-rich domain produces channels that bind Hax-1 but are impaired in recruiting Arp2/3 to the plasma membrane, resulting in growth cones with deficient actin veils in stem cell-derived neurons.

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    2016-03-31 维他命
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