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新冠肺炎和流感肺炎气管插管患者的早期细菌检出:欧洲多中心队列研究

2021-09-24 小文子 MedSci原创

新冠肺炎重症患者气管插管后48小时内细菌检出率9.7%,比流感肺炎患者低3倍。

新冠肺炎COVID-19)已对全世界造成巨大影响,大约20%住院患者因急性呼吸衰竭而进入ICU治疗。专家组建议,危重患者使用经验性抗菌治疗可降低早期细菌感染相关死亡率。然而,合并细菌感染常见于季节性流感或大流行性流感的危重患者。

发表在呼吸权威杂志American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine的一篇文章分析了与流感肺炎相比,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)导致的新冠肺炎插管患者早期细菌检出率,以及微生物学特征及其对预后的影响。

研究人员对欧洲36个ICU进行多中心回顾性队列研究。确定纳入标准:入住ICU时确诊新冠肺炎(SARS-CoV-2)或流感肺炎并接受有创机械通气治疗48小时以上的成年患者。细菌检出定义为插管后48小时内,气管吸出物、BAL、血培养阳性,或肺炎球菌和军团菌尿抗原检测阳性。

研究共纳入1050名患者(568名新冠肺炎患者和482名流感肺炎患者)。与流感肺炎患者相比,新冠肺炎患者的细菌检出率显著较低(9.7% vs. 33.6%; OR=0.21; 95% CI[0.15-0.30]); 调整混杂因素后,差异仍较显著,OR=0.23, 95%CI[0.16-0.33]; P<0.0001)。新冠肺炎和流感肺炎患者合并感染革兰阳性球菌分别为58%和72%,细菌检出与新冠肺炎患者28天死亡率增加有关(OR=1.57; 95%CI[1.01–2.44]; P=0.043)。然而,两组在细菌检出结果的异质性方面无差异,这表明新冠肺炎和流感肺炎患者合并细菌感染对死亡率的影响无差异。

新冠肺炎重症患者气管插管后48小时内细菌检出率9.7%,比流感肺炎患者低3倍。研究人员认为应对这两类人群进行早期经验性抗菌治疗适应症的评价,并对重症ARDS或休克患者限制抗生素治疗策略以及重症COVID-19患者抗生素管理的可行性和安全性进行评价。

原文出处:

Anahita Rouzé Ignacio Martin-Loeches , et al, Early Bacterial Identification among Intubated Patients with COVID-19 or Influenza Pneumonia: A European Multicenter Comparative Clinical Trial, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,2021, https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202101-0030OC. 

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