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Nature Communications:科学家开发新方法将健康人类神经细胞注入大脑

2016-03-21 佚名 生物谷

罗格斯大学和斯坦福大学的科学家们创造出一种新技术,未来可能帮助治疗帕金森病和其他影响数百万人的毁灭性大脑相关疾病。 罗格斯大学生物医学工程系和化学与生化工程系特聘教授Prabhas V. Moghe表示,这种创新技术涉及将成人组织-衍生的干细胞在三维纤维"支架"或微小岛状物上转化为人类神经元。 这些装载健康、有益的神经元的支架,在被注入小鼠大脑后,能够替换病变细胞。 "如果你能以一种模拟细胞

罗格斯大学和斯坦福大学的科学家们创造出一种新技术,未来可能帮助治疗帕金森病和其他影响数百万人的毁灭性大脑相关疾病。

罗格斯大学生物医学工程系和化学与生化工程系特聘教授Prabhas V. Moghe表示,这种创新技术涉及将成人组织-衍生的干细胞在三维纤维"支架"或微小岛状物上转化为人类神经元。

这些装载健康、有益的神经元的支架,在被注入小鼠大脑后,能够替换病变细胞。

"如果你能以一种模拟细胞如何在大脑中被配置的方式来移植这些细胞,那么就更可能使大脑与你所移植的细胞进行沟通交流"Moghe说,"在这项工作中,我们通过为神经元提供快速形成三维网络的线索来实现这一点。"

在这项最新在线发表于《Nature Communications》的多学科研究中,罗格斯大学和斯坦福大学的科学家团队讨论了这种三维支架和它们潜在的广泛效益。

神经元或神经细胞,对人体的健康和功能至关重要。人类大脑拥有约1000亿个神经元,作为信使在大脑和身体之间传递信号。

Moghe表示,他们所开发的三维支架由微小的聚合物纤维构成。数以百计的神经元附着在这些纤维上并向外扩张,发送它们的信号。这些支架大约100微米宽,与人类头发的宽度大致相当。

"我们获得一整束这些岛状物,然后将它们注入到小鼠大脑中"他说,"这些植入大脑的神经元生存得出乎意料的好。事实上,它们的生存状况比该领域的黄金标准要好得多。"

这种支架技术所增加的细胞存活是其他方法的100倍以上,Moghe说道。

这可能最终帮助治疗帕金森病、多发性硬化、肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)、阿尔茨海默病、脊髓和创伤性脑损伤以及脑震荡,他说。

这些疾病通常是由大脑细胞丢失引起的。例如,帕金森病是由产生多巴胺的脑细胞丢失而导致的。脑细胞丢失会导致手部、手部、腿部、下巴和面部颤抖,四肢和躯干僵硬,运动缓慢以及平衡和协调性损害。

接下来将是进一步改进支架生物材料,使科学家们能够增加植入神经元的数量。"我们能够移植的神经元越多,为疾病带来的疗法益处就越大"Moghe说,"我们想在尽可能小的空间里填充尽可能多的神经元。"

想法是"创建一个不仅能高度运转而且能更好控制的非常密集的神经元回路"他说,并且补充道,针对帕金森病小鼠的试验正在进行中,查看它们能否获得改善或恢复。

最终,随着研究推进,研究人员将会在人类中进行研究。Moghe估计该技术推进到人类测试需要10到20年。

开发支架技术和在支架中重新编程干细胞是"非常辛苦的团队工作"他说,"我们已经研究了许多年,还需要付出大量的汗水和辛劳。"

原始出处:

Aaron L. Carlson,Neal K. Bennett,Nicola L. Francis,etal.Generation and transplantation of reprogrammed human neurons in the brain using 3D microtopographic scaffolds.Nature Communications.17 March 2016.

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    2017-01-27 liuli5079
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    2016-04-25 liye789132251
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