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JAMA子刊:警惕“苹果型”身材!即使BMI正常,也与全因死亡率、心血管和癌症死亡率风险增加相关

2019-07-25 Fiona MedSci原创

“苹果型”身材 - 即使体重指数(BMI)在正常范围内,也与腰围高的肥胖患者的全因死亡率、心血管和癌症死亡率风险增加相似。

腰围粗的绝经后妇女 - 即所谓的“苹果型”身材 - 即使体重指数(BMI)在正常范围内,也与腰围高的肥胖患者的全因死亡率、心血管和癌症死亡率风险增加相似。

这项发表在JAMA Network Open的研究强调了体脂分布在健康风险中的作用。

这项前瞻性研究纳入了156,624名平均年龄为63岁的绝经后妇女,在20年的随访中,共有43,438例死亡,其中12,965例(29.6%)与心血管疾病有关,11,828例(27.0%)死于癌症。

与体重正常且无中心性肥胖的女性相比,体重正常且中心性肥胖(定义为腰围超过88厘米[34.6英寸])的女性的全因死亡率风险比(HR)为1.31 (95%CI,1.20 - 1.42),根据人口统计学特征,社会经济状况,生活方式因素和激素使用情况进行调整。

体重正常且中心性肥胖的死亡风险为1.30(95%CI,1.27-1.34)。

有趣的是,超重但没有中心性肥胖的女性(HR,0.91; 95%CI,0.89-0.94)和肥胖但没有中心性肥胖的人(HR,0.93; 95%CI,0.89 - 0.94)死亡率均降低。

同时,BMI超重且中心性肥胖的女性死亡风险增加(HR,1.16; 95%CI,1.13-1.20)。
深入研究特定死亡原因,观察到正常体重和中心性肥胖与正常体重和无中心性肥胖相比,CVD死亡(HR,1.25; 95%CI,1.05-1.46)以及癌症死亡的风险增加(HR,1.20; 95%CI,1.01-1.43)。

BMI正常但腰围较大的人死亡的两个主要原因是心血管疾病和肥胖相关的癌症。

之前已有研究报道过,“苹果型”身材与“梨型”身材的人存在更大风险(“苹果型”身材是指下肢纤细修长但腰围很粗,而“梨型”身材是指腰围纤细,脂肪主要沉积在臀部及大腿)。然而,这项新研究通过长时间随访,研究正常体重中心性肥胖与全因和心血管疾病死亡率的关系,纳入癌症死亡的长期结果来增加证据。

结果表明,在评估患者的健康风险时,我们应该鼓励医生不仅要考虑体重,还要考虑身体形状。他们认为该研究结果应该促使对指南进行修改。

当BMI正常时,应注意腰围

作者指出,尽管包括美国心脏协会,美国心脏病学会和肥胖协会在内,对肥胖管理的指导原则建议测量中心性肥胖,但他们建议仅针对那些超重和肥胖的人,而不是体重正常的人。
这些研究结果强调了未来公共卫生指南的必要性,即使在BMI正常的人群中也对中心性肥胖的人群进行预防和控制。

正常体重的中心性肥胖是一种未被认识的,高风险的死亡率表型。因此,正常体重的中心性肥胖妇女可能导致总体生存率下降。不过,该项研究仅包括绝经后妇女,因此研究结果可能不适用于其他人群,包括男性或年轻女性。

而且,该研究只表现了相关性,而非因果性。且这些证据没有指出如何改变“苹果型”身材,特别是在正常体重的人身上,需要进一步试验证明如果实现的话,是否会改变结果?


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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2045358, encodeId=c8a620453588b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7e4de13990f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症死亡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71399, encryptionId=7e4de13990f, topicName=癌症死亡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 21:04:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370411, encodeId=97503e041140, content=BMI大不一定是胖,还可以是肌肉多。所以,胖就是中心性肥胖,和BMI可以无关。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/02/26/8825112355161d6977008f3b2512e775.jpg, createdBy=4f6e2430754, createdName=Roch·Paul·John, createdTime=Sun Jul 28 18:51:55 CST 2019, time=2019-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370342, encodeId=ef723e0342d7, content=BMI就大呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eo0Rp1onxRjtw3ORhvoicH35CYADyxM6Rfia8WanW0XXic0HWFia0xMjsMdE70IhsfiaibEnwNMcmpBnf0g/132, createdBy=e4af2004868, createdName=liweiforu, createdTime=Sat Jul 27 09:32:41 CST 2019, time=2019-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1251518, encodeId=ddcc1251518e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=874529332ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全因死亡率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29332, encryptionId=874529332ba, topicName=全因死亡率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=796422, createdName=lvliquan, createdTime=Sat Jul 27 02:04:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1473570, encodeId=262614e357072, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e3be140052' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症死亡率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71400, encryptionId=0e3be140052, topicName=癌症死亡率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eba97230640, createdName=wenjie, createdTime=Sat Jul 27 02:04:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1518706, encodeId=4f2f1518e06f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79e18e15994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#苹果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87159, encryptionId=79e18e15994, topicName=苹果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f67111173924, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sat Jul 27 02:04:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-28 Roch·Paul·John

    BMI大不一定是胖,还可以是肌肉多。所以,胖就是中心性肥胖,和BMI可以无关。

    0

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    2019-07-27 liweiforu

    BMI就大呢

    0

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    2019-07-27 okhuali

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