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Nature:受伤后留疤?是干细胞在做自我管理

2016-12-06 佚名 转化医学网

根据一项斯坦福大学医学院的最新研究,采用一种可以增强一种失活蛋白表达的化合物治疗小鼠可以帮助他们受伤后更好的恢复,减少瘢痕形成,这项研究于近日发表在《自然》杂志上。“纤维化发生在许多退行性疾病及正常衰老中,”Thomas Rando博士说道,他是一名神经病学及神经科学教授。“它会抑制干细胞功能,并通过改变干细胞微环境抑制肌肉再生。此外,随着更多瘢痕形成,肌肉机会变硬,无法正常收缩。”Rando是斯



根据一项斯坦福大学医学院的最新研究,采用一种可以增强一种失活蛋白表达的化合物治疗小鼠可以帮助他们受伤后更好的恢复,减少瘢痕形成,这项研究于近日发表在《自然》杂志上。

“纤维化发生在许多退行性疾病及正常衰老中,”Thomas Rando博士说道,他是一名神经病学及神经科学教授。“它会抑制干细胞功能,并通过改变干细胞微环境抑制肌肉再生。此外,随着更多瘢痕形成,肌肉机会变硬,无法正常收缩。”

Rando是斯坦福大学格林中心主任,这项研究的资深作者,而他已毕业的博士Alisa Mueller是论文第一作者。

干细胞的自我管理

他们发现肌纤维中的干细胞为了对受伤、疾病和衰老做出正确的反应,会有一些奇怪的基因表达现象。值得注意的是,细胞会从产生完整、具有活性的蛋白的状态切换到表达更短的失活的蛋白状态,这样可以削弱细胞生长信号,防止过激反应导致瘢痕形成或发生纤维化。

研究人员研究了一个叫做PDGFRa的蛋白,它在一种叫做FAPsd的干细胞表面,这些干细胞负责产生肌肉发育和再生必需的结缔组织。

PDGFRa是一种跨膜蛋白,胞外部分可传递促进FAPs分裂增殖的外源信号,其胞内部分则负责胞内信号传导。尽管部分增生对伤口修复是必需的,但是过激反应会导致瘢痕及纤维化,从而影响肌肉功能。因此细胞不可避免地需要做出正确的反应。

研究人员发现这些细胞发明了一种新的意料之外的管理自己的方法。它们可以产生这种蛋白的缩小版本--缺失胞内段的版本,当它嵌在细胞表面时,它可以接受胞外信号,但是无法形成胞内传导,因此信号就此截断。

“我们发现这些细胞大量产生这种失活蛋白,”Rando说道。“如果蛋白产生太少,纤维化程度就增加,如果蛋白表达多,纤维化程度就降低。”

人为控制该蛋白表达

Mueller, Rando及其同事使用了一种小分子去人为控制抑制版的PDGFR的表达,该小分子可以结合并抑制一小部分信使RNA的表达。在小鼠身上,他们发现增加该抑制蛋白含量可以让任意年龄的小鼠修复伤口并且瘢痕和纤维化程度均降低,反过来降低该蛋白的表达则会导致严重的纤维化。

“我们接下来想在小鼠模型中检测这种方法治疗小鼠肌肉营养失调的效果,”Rando解释道。“很有趣的是,我们用的小分子抑制剂和临床正在使用的小核酸治疗很相似,这种治疗通过刺激机体产生一种人体缺失的蛋白质对假肥大性肌营养不良进行治疗。也许我们也可以使用这种方法减少这种疾病中纤维化的发生。”

原始出处:

Alisa A. Mueller, Cindy T. van Velthoven, Kathryn D. Fukumoto, Tom H. Cheung, Thomas A. Rando. Intronic polyadenylation of PDGFRα in resident stem cells attenuates muscle fibrosis.Nature, 2016

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    2017-10-08 liye789132251
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    2016-12-14 虈亣靌

    讲的好,学习了,分享了

    0

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    2016-12-07 laoli

    开阔思路!

    0

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    2016-12-07 yxtcm.best

    还真了解了一下,临床上的确遇见过此类患者

    0

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