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PNAS:自闭症不再是无药可治,催产素的治疗作用获小型临床试验证实

2017-07-13 佚名 生物探索

根据斯坦福大学医学院的一项最新研究,患有自闭症的儿童在催产素治疗时表现出了社会行为的改善,催产素是一种与社会能力相关的激素。研究发现,催产素低的儿童受益最大。

根据斯坦福大学医学院的一项最新研究,患有自闭症的儿童在催产素治疗时表现出了社会行为的改善,催产素是一种与社会能力相关的激素。研究发现,催产素低的儿童受益最大。

这项研究于7月10日在美国国家科学院院刊PNAS上在线发表,这是首个考虑催产素水平如何影响自闭症儿童对事物反应的研究。

催产素治疗自闭症的由来

催产素又称缩宫素,临床上主要用于引产。是一种由下丘脑合成并由垂体后叶释放的神经肽类激素,它在人和动物内普遍存在,男女都有。在女性分娩与母婴关系中扮演重要角色。催产素对大脑的影响:在社会人际交往、恋人关系中起着关键作用,并可增强面孔情绪识别能力,减少社会侵犯和焦虑行为等。

2012年1月3日PNAS刊登的研究发现特殊喷雾器通过鼻子把催产素注入恒河猴体内,可以让猴子彼此更加关注对方。2015年的Science Translational Medicine发表的文章就在一个自闭症小鼠模型中证明,催产素可明显地改善其社会行为。这些研究通过鼻部给药让催产素更容易达到脑部。在本篇文章发表之前也有小型临床研究发现鼻用喷雾能提升患自闭症儿童的社交能力,但是喷雾只对一部分人有效而不知道为什么。这篇研究文章解开了这个谜团,并进一步确认催产素在儿童自闭症中的治疗作用。

第一作者Karen Parker博士说:“我们的研究结果表明,一些自闭症儿童将从催产素治疗受益,而血液中的催产素水平可能是一个生物标志,将允许我们预测一个孩子将最大限度地有反应或无反应。”她认为这个实验是针对32名儿童的,人数有些少、需要被重复。

该研究的资深作者Antonio Hardan教授说:“我们终于缩小了催产素对哪些人可能是有益的范围。这是对孤独症的精准治疗。”

Harda教授说虽然催产素的作用是温和的,但结果是令人兴奋的,因为没有其它存在的药物能治疗自闭症的核心症状。

催产素水平有个人差异

自闭症是一种以社交能力和言语交际能力的困难,以及限制性和重复性行为为特征的发育失调疾病。并不是所有患有这种疾病的儿童都受到同样的影响,症状的严重程度不等。2014、Parker和Hardan以及他们的同事们发现,催产素的水平在患有和没有自闭症的儿童之间有很大不同,不管他们是否有自闭症,那些低催产素的儿童具有更多的社会障碍。

这一发现使研究人员怀疑,催产素作为自闭症治疗的益处是否可能仅限于低水平的儿童;其它自闭症中应用催产素治疗的试验产生了不同的结果,是因为未考虑受试者的基线水平。

这项新的研究包括32名自闭症儿童,他们被随机分配接受鼻内催产素喷雾或安慰剂喷雾剂,每天两次,为期四周。测量四周前和四周之后的儿童血液中催产素水平。在试验的开始和结束时,使用父母完成的标准化问卷对儿童的行为进行评估。该激素被发现是安全的,没有不良事件的报道。

在许多试验中,研究人员发现即使是只摄入安慰剂的儿童也有一些改善,尽管效果不如催产素组明显。在催产素基线水平低的儿童比那些体内催产素高的人获得更多的益处,而他们自身的荷尔蒙分泌也会适度上升。Parker说,这一意外的发现暗示了安慰剂效应可能的生物学解释,这在心理和精神治疗的研究中很常见。她补充说,自然催产素产生的增加也许能解释病人如何受益于安慰剂,这还需要将来进一步研究。

更大的临床试验在开展

对自闭症儿童采用催产素的一个大型临床试验,现在正在美国的一些机构进行,Hardan和Parker对更大的试验是否会重复他们的发现感到好奇。Hardan在斯坦福的Lucile Packard儿童医院治疗儿童自闭症,但他不提倡医生现在就给病人开催产素。

他说:“如果我们的研究结果在NIH资助的大的临床试验有所重复,那么我可以考虑做基线催产素测量我的临床实践的一部分,来确定具体的患者是否会做出反应。”他还指出,这可能是困难的,目前血液催产素水平还不是在临床实验室中的常规检测。他告诫说,口服或舌下含化催产素并不能产生与鼻内催产素摄入试验相同的结果。

Harda说:“希望这是识别孤独症患者能对具体治疗方法起反应的人的特征的第一步。由于这种疾病的异质性,我们需要开始做临床试验,而不是看是否会有反应,更多的是看谁会对可能的治疗作出反应。”

原始出处:Karen J. Parkera, Ozge Oztana, Robin A. Libovea, et al.Intranasal oxytocin treatment for social deficits and biomarkers of response in children with autism.PNAS (2017)

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    2018-04-18 drwjr
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    2017-07-15 xiongke014
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    2017-07-15 zhanfl
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    2017-07-13 林3301

    还待进一步研究啊?

    0

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    2017-07-13 忠诚向上

    好好看一下,继续学习

    0

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    2017-07-13 半夏微凉

    学习了谢谢分享

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    2017-07-13 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

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    2017-07-13 执着追梦

    学习,谢谢分享

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