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来看看,美国是如何解决“儿科医生荒”的?

2016-04-12 作者:郭爽 新华每日电讯

美国不少医学机构和科技企业,正在借助科技手段争相开发和推动新型医疗模式,为医生短缺、儿科就医难等问题提供解决方案“现在的年轻人,谁还愿意做儿科医生?”美国加利福尼亚州儿科医生黄立四对记者感叹,“虽然儿科医生需求大,但收入太低、压力太大”。黄立四是洛杉矶地区知名小儿科医生,找他看病得提前数日预约。黄医生每个工作日约为30个孩子看诊,每个孩子约15分钟。很多人都不知道,美国也存在“儿科医生荒”。据美国

美国不少医学机构和科技企业,正在借助科技手段争相开发和推动新型医疗模式,为医生短缺、儿科就医难等问题提供解决方案

“现在的年轻人,谁还愿意做儿科医生?”美国加利福尼亚州儿科医生黄立四对记者感叹,“虽然儿科医生需求大,但收入太低、压力太大”。黄立四是洛杉矶地区知名小儿科医生,找他看病得提前数日预约。黄医生每个工作日约为30个孩子看诊,每个孩子约15分钟。

很多人都不知道,美国也存在“儿科医生荒”。据美国医学院校联合会公布的数据,到2025年,美国医生或将短缺9万人,其中,包括儿科医生和家庭医生在内的初级保健医生缺3.1万人。

究其因在于,虽然美国医生的社会地位和收入都很高,但儿科医生却是美国医生中的“低收入者”。本月1日公布的最新美国儿科医生薪水调查报告显示,儿科医生平均年薪为20.4万美元,不到收入最高的整形科医生44.3万美元年薪的一半。

从医院获利角度来说,儿科医生也不太受待见。家庭医生比专科医生收入低的根本原因在于,他们给医院带来的效益低——调查显示,家庭医生和儿科医生每年为医院带来的效益比专科医生平均要少约20万美元。

另一方面,美国医学院的教育成本相对较高。美国医学会称,医学院毕业生平均背负的教育贷款约14万美元。既然都是“苦哈哈”,用相近的教育成本和时间从医学院毕业,多数人自然更愿意选择工资更高的工作。

工资低、职业风险高、工作负荷重……美国不少儿科医生都觉得自己“选错了行”。数据显示,68%的儿科医生表示,如果可以重新选择,他们不会选择现在从事的工作。除了“后继乏人”,美国儿科医生还存在地区间发展不平衡现象。大片农村、少有医疗培训计划的地区是美国儿科医生最短缺的地方。

儿科医生短缺导致的直接后果是,现有儿科医生工作时长和工作压力不断增加,患者就诊更难、就诊预约等候时间变长,而就诊时间则被压缩。调查显示,63%的美国儿科医生每周平均工作时间为30至45小时,16%在46至55小时,13%为56小时以上。

不过,与黄医生的观点不同,美国儿科医生威廉·格尔森认为,正视儿科医生短缺的事实,打造更科学的未来医疗模式,更合理地调配医疗资源,才是当务之急。

为了解决儿科医生短缺、患童就诊相对困难以及偏远地区儿科医生不足等问题,美国儿科学会等机构一直在积极推动“远程医疗”技术和服务的发展。“远程医疗”可提高看病效率,还可大幅减少儿童患者前往医院和就诊等候时间,减少患儿监护人因带儿童就医耽误自身工作的时间。

科技行业也在医疗领域进行一些互联网时代的新探索。比如,同在洛杉矶的儿科医生山姆·金就选择了与黄医生不同的出诊方式。

“7岁患者,咳嗽,您方便出诊吗?”金博士的手机在上周六跳出这个提示。作为医疗应用程序“治愈”医疗团队中的一名儿科医生,金医生点击了“是”,带上黑色挎包,披上白色外套,开车前往洛杉矶拉卡纳达一处人家出诊。

这个有“医界Uber”之称的手机应用程序“治愈”,正在搅动加州传统医疗市场。这款应用程序的使用者可以通过手机注册、填写看病申请,只要写清症状或病症类型,并注明看病时间,发送就诊需求即可。“治愈”程序会安排最合适的注册医生或护士到患者家中,最快两个小时内就会有医生上门看病。

目前,这一应用的医疗队伍中不少人都是儿科大夫。除了看病开药,多数医院检查都能在上门服务中完成,包括一般健康检查、流感疫苗注射和抽血等。“治愈”的用户可以选择传统挂号模式,预约数天或数周后看诊;也可以选择“立即看病”,最快两个小时内就有医生上门。

“治愈”并非唯一一家致力于发展互联网医疗的美国科技公司。事实上,由此形成的竞争,正在推动更高效医疗服务的发展。

为医疗应用服务的“寻呼机”就在尝试更高效的就医解决方案。用户打开应用程序后,需要先描述自己的症状,再由护士决定患者是需要医生上门还是只需要视频诊断。对于无须上门的患者,视频出诊无疑会更节约患者和医生的时间;而当患者确实需要医生出诊时,医生会第一时间前往,但需根据病患情况收取50至200美元不等的出诊费用。

尽管上述医疗模式目前均存在争议,技术上也存在不少障碍,但美国不少医学机构和科技企业都开始着手研发面向未来的数字化医疗模式,借助科技手段争相开发和推动新型医疗模式的发展,为包括儿科医生在内的医生短缺、病患就医困难、医疗水平发展不均等问题提供科学的解决方案。

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    这个,喂鸡委学习吗

    0

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    喂鸡委去哪儿了

    0

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    2016-04-14 日月
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    2016-04-12 文医生

    美国就是不一样

    0

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