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七条建议帮你偿还“睡眠债”

2016-03-08 MedSci MedSci原创

Medical News Today

睡眠剥夺/睡眠不足是现代社会普遍存在的问题,影响着许多人的生活。Medical News Today上专门发表了一篇文章介绍睡眠剥夺的不良影响及治疗和预防方法。

什么是睡眠剥夺?

睡眠剥夺是指个体睡眠时间未能满足机体为了保持清醒和警觉所需的睡眠时间。对于睡眠少到多少可以称为睡眠剥夺,个体间存在差异。一些人,如老年人,对于睡眠剥夺更耐受,而其他人,尤其是儿童和青少年就很敏感。

National Sleep Foundation(NSF)2015年对于不同年龄段的每天睡眠时间给出了如下建议:

·新生儿(0~3个月):14~17个小时

·婴儿(4~11个月):12~15个小时

·幼儿(1~2岁):11~14个小时

·学龄前儿童(3~5岁):10~13个小时

·学龄儿童(6~13岁):9~11个小时

·青少年(14~17岁):8~10个小时

·成人(18~64):7~9个小时

·老年人(65岁以上):7~8个小时

睡眠剥夺的症状:

·白天睡眠过多(最主要症状)

·打哈欠

·喜怒无常

·疲倦

·易怒

·心情低落

·难以学习新知识

·健忘

·难以集中注意力

·缺乏动力

·笨拙

·食欲增加并偏爱碳水化合物

·性欲下降

危害

睡眠剥夺可削弱大脑的推理功能区(前额叶皮质)对情绪功能区(杏仁核)的控制,导致情绪处理过程障碍,出现情绪问题。睡眠对于学习功能也很重要,当睡眠不足时,很难集中注意力和记忆新的信息。

如果整夜不睡或睡眠时间极短,身体就不会释放调节生长和食欲的激素,取而代之,会释放过量的应激物质,如去甲肾上腺素和皮质醇。

研究显示,不管成人还是儿童,睡眠时间短都是体重增加的危险因素。睡眠平均每减少1个小时/天,BMI会增加0.35。最终会引起高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、心肌梗塞及脑卒中的风险增加。

六大危害——睡眠不足对健康人的情绪功能和正常思考功能均有极大的影响

一、难以正确的思考

二、心情不好,不愿去解决问题

三、迷信和奇幻思维增强

四、对他人缺乏宽容和同情

五、冲动控制能力差

六、缺乏延迟满足的能力

睡眠剥夺的人更容易产生无价值、无能、失败、低自尊的感觉,工作表现差,容易与同事产生冲突,生活质量低。即使通过咖啡因这样的刺激物保持警醒,这些问题依然存在。睡眠剥夺的人还更容易出现抑郁、焦虑及偏执。

治疗和预防

相比于睡眠剥夺如此大的危害,有一个好消息——大部分危害在补足睡眠后可以逆转。睡眠剥夺的治疗方法就是满足机体对睡眠的需求,防止剥夺和积累“睡眠债”。

“睡眠债”就是当你实际睡眠时间未达到充足睡眠时间时产生的赤字。举个例子,如果你需要7个小时的睡眠,但只睡了5个小时,那么你就产生了2个小时的睡眠债。如果连续5天这样,就积累了10个小时的睡眠债。如何偿还睡眠债呢?首先,每次需睡足本次所需的睡眠时间,其次再补欠的时间,直到全部偿还完为止。

七条建议——好的睡眠习惯帮您获得充足睡眠

一、觉得累的时候就去睡觉

二、作息规律

三、睡前2~3小时禁止饮食

四、如果努力了20分钟仍难以入睡,那就起床去另一个房间看书,一直看到有睡意再回去睡觉

五、保持白天运动的习惯

六、保持卧室安静、光线暗、温度适宜

七、睡觉的时候关掉手机、平板电脑等电子设备

总的来说,睡眠剥夺会带来严重的意外事故、工作表现差、学习成绩差,大大降低个体的生活质量。睡眠不足损伤大脑处理情绪和思考的能力、降低身体的天然防御能力、增加患慢性病的风险。

然而偶尔的睡眠不足本身并不是大问题,长期持续的睡眠不足才会产生严重的后果。恢复睡眠只有睡觉,没有其他替代的方法。对于各个年龄段的个体正在经历的睡眠剥夺问题我们应给予更多的关注。

原始出处:

Kathleen Davis. Sleep Deprivation: Complications, Treatments and Prevention. Medical News Today. March 7, 2016.

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    2017-02-28 wmu姿

    我睡眠不足确实就会立马发生上述的症状

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178177, encodeId=29511e817781, content=我睡眠不足确实就会立马发生上述的症状, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=071c2012037, createdName=wmu姿, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 09:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68552, encodeId=7ed568552a2, content=还可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Thu Mar 10 22:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68444, encodeId=6a20684442c, content=恢复睡眠只有睡觉..., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=166, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuqOuvZLWMJ8yAVHKNPBSKWLKHx7ibIhutJv2OfnTK9MQH5jpicpw5EJTmD0M0q2wOG3CZO9wTxa9A/132, createdBy=75561684788, createdName=yilibaisha, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 20:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68437, encodeId=6abe6843e19, content=7到9小时睡眠保障。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTISUH3xzQIz5VrIhTmepRL6oa3EYnPT61ll2ibYJAy3oeB7oJiaBAWF6opwu9Rod4yHsju1JmHroUOw/132, createdBy=23c71654813, createdName=长春碱, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 19:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-10 xiaotaiyang1

    还可以

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178177, encodeId=29511e817781, content=我睡眠不足确实就会立马发生上述的症状, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=071c2012037, createdName=wmu姿, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 09:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68552, encodeId=7ed568552a2, content=还可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Thu Mar 10 22:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68444, encodeId=6a20684442c, content=恢复睡眠只有睡觉..., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=166, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuqOuvZLWMJ8yAVHKNPBSKWLKHx7ibIhutJv2OfnTK9MQH5jpicpw5EJTmD0M0q2wOG3CZO9wTxa9A/132, createdBy=75561684788, createdName=yilibaisha, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 20:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68437, encodeId=6abe6843e19, content=7到9小时睡眠保障。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTISUH3xzQIz5VrIhTmepRL6oa3EYnPT61ll2ibYJAy3oeB7oJiaBAWF6opwu9Rod4yHsju1JmHroUOw/132, createdBy=23c71654813, createdName=长春碱, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 19:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-09 yilibaisha

    恢复睡眠只有睡觉...

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178177, encodeId=29511e817781, content=我睡眠不足确实就会立马发生上述的症状, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=071c2012037, createdName=wmu姿, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 09:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68552, encodeId=7ed568552a2, content=还可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Thu Mar 10 22:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68444, encodeId=6a20684442c, content=恢复睡眠只有睡觉..., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=166, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuqOuvZLWMJ8yAVHKNPBSKWLKHx7ibIhutJv2OfnTK9MQH5jpicpw5EJTmD0M0q2wOG3CZO9wTxa9A/132, createdBy=75561684788, createdName=yilibaisha, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 20:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68437, encodeId=6abe6843e19, content=7到9小时睡眠保障。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTISUH3xzQIz5VrIhTmepRL6oa3EYnPT61ll2ibYJAy3oeB7oJiaBAWF6opwu9Rod4yHsju1JmHroUOw/132, createdBy=23c71654813, createdName=长春碱, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 19:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-09 长春碱

    7到9小时睡眠保障。

    0

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