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妊娠糖尿病(GDM)血糖监测及控制目标

2012-01-25 MedSci MedSci原创

 血糖监测是血糖控制措施安全、有效进行的前提,包括即刻血糖监测、动态血糖监测(CGM)。   妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者常用、可行的方法是自我指尖血糖监测,建议开始时用七点法(三餐前0.5小时、三餐后2小时和夜间睡前共7次)。注意:出现头晕、眼花不适时,应考虑低血糖可能,立即测血糖并及早处理。血糖达标、稳定时可减少监测次数至每天4次。      即刻血糖监测是瞬时血糖值,而CGM可反映24小时

 血糖监测是血糖控制措施安全、有效进行的前提,包括即刻血糖监测、动态血糖监测(CGM)。

  妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者常用、可行的方法是自我指尖血糖监测,建议开始时用七点法(三餐前0.5小时、三餐后2小时和夜间睡前共7次)。注意:出现头晕、眼花不适时,应考虑低血糖可能,立即测血糖并及早处理。血糖达标、稳定时可减少监测次数至每天4次。

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  即刻血糖监测是瞬时血糖值,而CGM可反映24小时血糖变化规律(图1),能够发现即刻血糖监测未知的餐后高血糖和夜间低血糖,并可反映饮食、运动、药物等对血糖的影响,是即刻血糖监测的有力补充,已被中国动态血糖监测临床应用指南(2009年版)推荐常规用于GDM血糖管理。

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附:

  妊娠糖尿病GDM)患者及早确诊及治疗后,母婴预后明显改善、并发症明显减少。以自我血糖监测、饮食控制、胰岛素治疗和各专科医生合作而制订的强化治疗方案是降低GDM母婴并发症、改善预后的关键。

  营养治疗指南

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  药物治疗

  患者一旦确诊GDM即应开始饮食控制及运动治疗,若经1~2周血糖仍不能达标,则须药物治疗。

  胰岛素不能通过胎盘进入胎儿体内直接导致胎儿畸形或低血糖发生,因此,目前仍建议以人胰岛素治疗为主。胰岛素应用根据患者血糖轮廓图谱确定,仅餐后血糖升高者,可在相应餐前给予适量短效胰岛素;如果空腹血糖升高,可在睡前给予中效胰岛素治疗;有些患者可选择预混胰岛素。

  此外,近年来口服降糖药物治疗GDM报道中研究最多的是格列本脲和二甲双胍。有研究表明,格列本脲和二甲双胍与胰岛素一样,都能有效控制GDM患者血糖,且对妊娠结局影响与胰岛素无明显差别。但需要注意,目前尚无指南推荐上述口服降糖药物作为治疗GDM的最佳选择。

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    2012-01-27 朱睿睿
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