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Nat Med:日研究发现一种难治性癫痫病因

2012-07-25 蓝建中 新华社

近日,日本东京大学的研究小组在《自然—医学》(Nature Medicine)期刊网络版上报告说,他们利用大鼠发现,幼年时因感冒发热导致热性痉挛,使脑部形成容易兴奋的异常神经回路,是一种难治性癫痫——颞叶癫痫的致病原因。 癫痫俗称“羊角风”,是大脑神经元突发性异常放电,导致短暂大脑功能障碍的一种慢性病。其中的难治性癫痫,又称顽固性癫痫,用常规方法治疗效果不好。而在难治性癫痫中,颞叶癫痫占多数。这

近日,日本东京大学的研究小组在《自然—医学》(Nature Medicine)期刊网络版上报告说,他们利用大鼠发现,幼年时因感冒发热导致热性痉挛,使脑部形成容易兴奋的异常神经回路,是一种难治性癫痫——颞叶癫痫的致病原因。

癫痫俗称“羊角风”,是大脑神经元突发性异常放电,导致短暂大脑功能障碍的一种慢性病。其中的难治性癫痫,又称顽固性癫痫,用常规方法治疗效果不好。而在难治性癫痫中,颞叶癫痫占多数。这种癫痫是一种局限性癫痫,导致癫痫发作的神经元放电有可能损害部分或整个颞叶。

虽然此前有研究人员指出颞叶癫痫和热性痉挛存在关联,但是一直不知道其中的因果关系和机制。

东京大学的研究小组在实验中切除了大鼠脑部海马区。后续观察显示,大鼠脑神经细胞会随着生长而从最初形成的位置向别处移动,但是出生约10天开始出现热性痉挛的大鼠,其成长过程中的未成熟神经细胞会滞留在最初形成位置的附近。这些滞留的细胞会形成容易兴奋的异常神经回路,从而导致颞叶癫痫发作。

研究小组同时发现,如果用药物抑制大鼠未成熟神经细胞兴奋,就可预防癫痫发作。

研究小组带头人、东京大学副教授池谷裕二指出,在治疗婴幼儿热性痉挛的药物中,有一些可能会使未成熟神经细胞兴奋。他说:“未成熟的神经细胞兴奋之后,就会停留在异常位置,将来患癫痫的风险就可能升高。”

doi:10.1038/nm.2850
PMC:

PMID:

GABAergic excitation after febrile seizures induces ectopic granule cells and adult epilepsy

Ryuta Koyama,1 Kentaro Tao,1, 2 Takuya Sasaki,1, 2 Junya Ichikawa,1 Daisuke Miyamoto,1 Rieko Muramatsu,1 Norio Matsuki1 & Yuji Ikegaya1

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is accompanied by an abnormal location of granule cells in the dentate gyrus. Using a rat model of complex febrile seizures, which are thought to be a precipitating insult of TLE later in life, we report that aberrant migration of neonatal-generated granule cells results in granule cell ectopia that persists into adulthood. Febrile seizures induced an upregulation of GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) in neonatally generated granule cells, and hyperactivation of excitatory GABAA-Rs caused a reversal in the direction of granule cell migration. This abnormal migration was prevented by RNAi-mediated knockdown of the Na+K+2Cl? co-transporter (NKCC1), which regulates the excitatory action of GABA. NKCC1 inhibition with bumetanide after febrile seizures rescued the granule cell ectopia, susceptibility to limbic seizures and development of epilepsy. Thus, this work identifies a previously unknown pathogenic role of excitatory GABAA-R signaling and highlights NKCC1 as a potential therapeutic target for preventing granule cell ectopia and the development of epilepsy after febrile seizures.

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    2014-07-26 chen111111

    热性痉挛与颞叶癫痫某种联系

    0

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    2012-09-13 liye789132251
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    2012-07-27 freve
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