Baidu
map

艾滋病合并肺结核--男性,36岁,不规则高热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气促、...

2012-02-17 贺素典,郭继丰 云南省红河州疾控中心结防

艾滋病是目前结核感染的最重要危险因素,也是防治结核的重要环节;其他可引起免疫下降的疾病,如糖尿病或激素治疗等,也是结核感染的危险因素;年龄也被考虑为独立的危险因素之一,除了接触史较长外,还可能与免疫力低下有关。肺结核诊断通常是胸片发现可疑,结合临床表现,如咳嗽嗽(超过3周)、咯血、胸痛或呼吸困难,有不明原因性发热或结核菌素试验阳性;成人锁骨上方或后方出现结节性渗出表现(经典部位,多在肺尖部)。高度

艾滋病是目前结核感染的最重要危险因素,也是防治结核的重要环节;其他可引起免疫下降的疾病,如糖尿病或激素治疗等,也是结核感染的危险因素;年龄也被考虑为独立的危险因素之一,除了接触史较长外,还可能与免疫力低下有关。肺结核诊断通常是胸片发现可疑,结合临床表现,如咳嗽嗽(超过3周)、咯血、胸痛或呼吸困难,有不明原因性发热或结核菌素试验阳性;成人锁骨上方或后方出现结节性渗出表现(经典部位,多在肺尖部)。高度提示继发性结核的可能:肺中部或下部出现渗出病灶,若症状高度可疑或有接触史,也应高度怀疑。
【病例资料】
患者,男性,36岁,不规则高热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气促、顽固性腹泻、消瘦、淋巴结肿大、腹膜后淋巴结肿大、肝大、脾大、双侧胸腔积液、心包积液等。实验室检查:贫血(Hb 60-91g/L),WBC 3.7x109/L,淋巴细胞均降低(0.16x109/L -0.40x109/L)。痰涂片检查:阴性,CD4记数69/mm3,大便潜血阳性。影像学检查:胸片表现为肺部可见大小不等粟粒状阴影。部分较均匀,部分粟粒影融合。CT表现为双肺弥漫性分布小结节影、不均匀,大小不等,l~5 mm,片状融合实变影或纵隔淋巴结肿大(图1)。发热,腹股沟淋巴结肿大,Anti-HIV(+),确证实验(+)。 入院诊断:①艾滋病;②肺孢子虫肺炎;③结核病。治疗:①抗结核治疗;②抗病毒治疗。治疗药物:异烟肼(H)、阿米卡星(A)、利福平(R)、利福喷汀(L)、乙胺丁醇(E)、对氨基水杨酸钠(PAS)、吡嗪酰胺(Z)及链霉素(S)。

艾滋病 肺结核 不规则高热 咳嗽 咳痰 胸闷 气促 顽固性腹泻

图1 患者肺部CT片

化疗方案:①2HRZE/4HR,强化期2个月,H、R、Z、E每日1次;继续期4个月,H、R每日1次。②H2H3R3Z3E3/4H3R3,强化期2个月,H、R、Z、E隔日1次;继续期4个月,H、R隔日1次。服药4个月症状消失,疗程结束,患者治愈。患者第二次发病时查:WBC 6.9x109/L。痰涂片检查:阴性,CD4记数49/mm3。服药7个月后,复查胸片,胸片异常较就诊时加重,服药8个月又出现发热,胸片异常。抗结核治疗1周,效果不佳。建议到上一级医院住院治疗。

追问病史:患者第一次发病时服用SMZ 1周,服用预防量,出现不良反应停药。随访时患者死亡。
【讨论】
HIV患者体内的结核杆菌对常规的抗结核药物反应良好。但多重耐药结核除外,因为抗耐药结核的药物通常毒性较大,而且效果较差。建议选用敏感药物,疗程持续6-9个月;若治疗前痰培养连续3次均为阴性。可将疗程缩短至6个月;若治疗2个月后,培养仍为阳性,需治疗9个月。
1、预防:

艾滋病患者不是必须进行结核病的化学药物预防。当患者的CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200/mm3时可进行预防性化疗。其方案是:①异烟肼+利福喷汀,连续服用4—6个月。②异烟肼,连续服用12个月。预防艾滋病患者不是必须进行非结核分支杆菌病的化学药物预防,当CD4+T淋巴细胞<50/mm3时,可进行预防性治疗。以减少发生播散性鸟分支杆菌感染的概率。方案是克拉霉素每次500 mg,每日2次;或阿奇霉素每次l 200 mg,每周1次。如患者经HAART治疗使CD4+T淋巴细胞增加到>100/mm3并持续6个月以上时。可停止预防用药。 2、本组患者死亡原因分析: (1)致死原因是在抗结核治疗2个月。加抗病毒治疗(SMZ加大剂量,用治疗量)。 (2)此患者2005年出现腹股沟淋巴结肿大,伴有发热。抗结核治疗4个月,症状消失。第二次发病出现胸片异常,发热。抗结核治疗8个月,效果不好,第二次发热,应考虑做血气/氧分压检查,若PO2<70 mmHg,考虑有无缺氧,低氧血症。若有明显的喘憋,加激素治疗,逐渐减量。第二次发病同意诊断为肺孢子虫肺炎,应该再次询问有无视力模糊,进一步做眼底检查,询问有无意识障碍,考虑有无艾滋病的神经系统感染等。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5337, encodeId=c821533e69, content=Kewl you souhld come up with that. Excellent!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=209, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=Daniel, createdTime=Mon Jan 07 19:57:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4627, encodeId=0eb9462e7f, content=不成功的患者资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=187, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fdc966255, createdName=cuiye327, createdTime=Tue Aug 21 10:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253841, encodeId=9ae3125384144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340988, encodeId=38d01340988bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27b98424ea9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胸闷#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84247, encryptionId=27b98424ea9, topicName=胸闷)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=838d2500169, createdName=12498cb5m13暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481727, encodeId=f4141481e2795, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ae83981550' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咳痰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39815, encryptionId=7ae83981550, topicName=咳痰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd1b7820168, createdName=ms7258648636991762, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-01-07 Daniel

    Kewl you souhld come up with that. Excellent!

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5337, encodeId=c821533e69, content=Kewl you souhld come up with that. Excellent!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=209, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=Daniel, createdTime=Mon Jan 07 19:57:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4627, encodeId=0eb9462e7f, content=不成功的患者资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=187, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fdc966255, createdName=cuiye327, createdTime=Tue Aug 21 10:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253841, encodeId=9ae3125384144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340988, encodeId=38d01340988bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27b98424ea9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胸闷#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84247, encryptionId=27b98424ea9, topicName=胸闷)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=838d2500169, createdName=12498cb5m13暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481727, encodeId=f4141481e2795, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ae83981550' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咳痰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39815, encryptionId=7ae83981550, topicName=咳痰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd1b7820168, createdName=ms7258648636991762, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-08-21 cuiye327

    不成功的患者资料

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5337, encodeId=c821533e69, content=Kewl you souhld come up with that. Excellent!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=209, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=Daniel, createdTime=Mon Jan 07 19:57:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4627, encodeId=0eb9462e7f, content=不成功的患者资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=187, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fdc966255, createdName=cuiye327, createdTime=Tue Aug 21 10:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253841, encodeId=9ae3125384144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340988, encodeId=38d01340988bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27b98424ea9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胸闷#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84247, encryptionId=27b98424ea9, topicName=胸闷)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=838d2500169, createdName=12498cb5m13暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481727, encodeId=f4141481e2795, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ae83981550' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咳痰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39815, encryptionId=7ae83981550, topicName=咳痰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd1b7820168, createdName=ms7258648636991762, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5337, encodeId=c821533e69, content=Kewl you souhld come up with that. Excellent!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=209, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=Daniel, createdTime=Mon Jan 07 19:57:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4627, encodeId=0eb9462e7f, content=不成功的患者资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=187, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fdc966255, createdName=cuiye327, createdTime=Tue Aug 21 10:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253841, encodeId=9ae3125384144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340988, encodeId=38d01340988bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27b98424ea9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胸闷#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84247, encryptionId=27b98424ea9, topicName=胸闷)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=838d2500169, createdName=12498cb5m13暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481727, encodeId=f4141481e2795, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ae83981550' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咳痰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39815, encryptionId=7ae83981550, topicName=咳痰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd1b7820168, createdName=ms7258648636991762, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5337, encodeId=c821533e69, content=Kewl you souhld come up with that. Excellent!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=209, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=Daniel, createdTime=Mon Jan 07 19:57:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4627, encodeId=0eb9462e7f, content=不成功的患者资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=187, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fdc966255, createdName=cuiye327, createdTime=Tue Aug 21 10:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253841, encodeId=9ae3125384144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340988, encodeId=38d01340988bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27b98424ea9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胸闷#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84247, encryptionId=27b98424ea9, topicName=胸闷)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=838d2500169, createdName=12498cb5m13暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481727, encodeId=f4141481e2795, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ae83981550' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咳痰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39815, encryptionId=7ae83981550, topicName=咳痰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd1b7820168, createdName=ms7258648636991762, createdTime=Sun Feb 19 14:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

Lancet子刊:头对头对比口腔和血液中HIV检测,慎用口腔检测方法

2012年1月25日,来自加拿大蒙特利尔市的McGill大学医学系和McGill大学健康中心临床流行病学和感染性疾病部医学博士Nitika Pant Pai和他的同事利用一篇最新综述中收集的数据进行荟萃分析,结果表明:与基于血液的检测方法相比,口腔HIV诊断具有相似的特异性,而敏感性要低2%。这些研究结果于1月24日在线发表于《柳叶刀·传染病学》杂志。 与此相似,在高流行环境中,口腔检测(Ora

我国全球基金项目将提前结束

 卫生部网站近日发布工作简报称,根据全球艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金理事会第25次会议决议,从2012年1月起,20国集团中的中高收入国家,如其疾病负担低于“极端严重”,将终止其已获得批准的项目。这意味着我国全球基金艾滋病项目、结核病项目和疟疾项目将分别于2012年12月、2013年7月和2012年6月提前结束,第十轮疟疾项目也将于2013年12月结束。   测算数据显示,按照上述项目二期原计划,

HAART高效抗HIV合并TB

第16届亚太呼吸学会(APSR)年会在上海国际会议中心隆重举行。会上,上海公共卫生中心卢洪洲教授谈到,近年来人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)的广泛流行使结核病(TB)死灰复燃。普通人群感染结核分枝杆菌后在其一生中有10%的概率发生活动性结核,而HIV感染者则每年有10%的概率发生活动性结核。HIV合并 TB具有患病率高、进展快、诊断难、病死率高等特点,临床诊疗工作面临极大挑战。为掌握

Lancet:科学家提出防止艾滋病蔓延新方案

世界卫生组织(WHO)的科学家11月25日提出一项防止艾滋病蔓延的新方案,根据该方案,如果生活在艾滋病重灾区的所有人都定期接受检查和治疗,理论上艾滋病病毒可以在10年内被消除。 10年减少95% WHO 科学家的这一研究成果26日在著名医学杂志《柳叶刀》上发表。根据这项新计划的设想,撒哈拉以南的非洲艾滋病重灾区所有人自愿每年进行艾滋病检查,一旦发现感染艾滋病病毒,立即进行药物治

新加坡发现艾滋病病毒新变种CRF51-01B型

新加坡研究人员11月8日说,他们发现了一种新的艾滋病病毒变种。它是由当地原来常见的两种病毒毒株以基因重组的方式结合生成,其危害性也可能比现有的一般毒株强。 新加坡陈笃生医院研究人员说,他们对2008年2月至2009年8月提取的109名艾滋病病毒感染者血样样本进行分析,发现其中15人感染了这种新型的艾滋病病毒。陈笃生医院是新加坡目前唯一收治艾滋病患者的公立医院。 研究人员说,此前新加坡最

Nature:艾滋病基因疗法在动物体内效果显著

2011年12月1日是“世界艾滋病日”,英国《自然》杂志网站11月30日刊登了来自美国加州理工学院等机构研究人员的最新研究成果"Antibody-based protection against HIV infection by vectored immunoprophylaxis”,他们探索出的一种艾滋病基因疗法在动物实验中取得成效。实验证明感染大剂量艾滋病病毒的实验鼠也可受到保护。

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map