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BRAF抑制剂在儿童低级别胶质瘤中显示出令人欣喜的结果

2020-01-18 parpar INC国际神经外科医生集团

根据美国癌症研究协会杂志《临床癌症研究》(Clinical Cancer Research)发表的结果,dabrafenib是一种获准用于治疗某些类型的成人黑色素瘤的BRAF抑制剂,在低级神经胶质瘤的儿科患者中具有活性。“低级神经胶质瘤是儿童中最常见的脑肿瘤。尽管预后相当好,但神经功能障碍是一个主要问题,”研究人员说。研究人员解释说:“治疗的主要考虑因素是大脑是一个非常脆弱的器官,尤其是在儿童中。

根据美国癌症研究协会杂志《临床癌症研究》(Clinical Cancer Research)发表的结果,dabrafenib是一种获准用于治疗某些类型的成人黑色素瘤的BRAF抑制剂,在低级神经胶质瘤的儿科患者中具有活性。



“低级神经胶质瘤是儿童中最常见的脑肿瘤。尽管预后相当好,但神经功能障碍是一个主要问题,”研究人员说。

研究人员解释说:“治疗的主要考虑因素是大脑是一个非常脆弱的器官,尤其是在儿童中。”“治疗的目的是阻止肿瘤生长,但我们也希望对正常大脑造成尽可能少的损害。”

经常对患者进行手术切除全部或部分肿瘤,然后进行化学疗法或放射疗法。研究人员解释说,尽管化学疗法和放射疗法都是有效的治疗方法,但在每种选择中都需要权衡取舍。化学疗法通常不会对正常大脑产生明显的副作用,但是患者在治疗过程中可能会经历其他严重的副作用,这可能会持续12到18个月。另一方面,放疗通常仅进行六周,但是对正常大脑造成损害的风险更大。由于放疗对三岁及以下儿童的风险较大,大多数患者最初都接受了化疗。

在这一I / IIa期研究中,研究人员检查了一种名为dabrafenib的口服靶向治疗对小儿低级神经胶质瘤患者的疗效。达布拉非尼选择性地抑制导致细胞生长的BRAF蛋白的突变形式。这种BRAF突变通常在小儿低级神经胶质瘤中发现。

研究人员说:“靶向治疗的理论优势是可以控制肿瘤,甚至可以缩小肿瘤,同时对正常组织造成的损伤更少。” 限制对正常组织的不良影响有可能改善长期疗效和治疗负担。”

该研究共招募了32名年龄在1至18岁之间的患者,他们的肿瘤患有BRAF突变。所有患者均已接受至少一种先前的治疗。这些患者中有15名入选了研究的I期部分,该研究也在今年早些时候发表在《临床癌症研究》上,还有17名入选了II期部分。II期部分的所有17名患者均接受了I期研究中确定的II期推荐剂量治疗。I期部分的另外7名患者已经接受了该剂量的治疗。所有患者均接受达布拉非的儿科配方治疗。

五名患者无法评估客观反应,但可以评估并符合稳定疾病的标准。根据独立的放射学审查,在27例可评估患者中有14例观察到反应。1名患者完全缓解,13名患者部分缓解。中位反应持续时间为26个月,中位无进展生存期为35个月。11名患者经历了疾病进展。

在29例患者中观察到与治疗相关的不良事件,其中9例经历了3或4级与治疗相关的不良事件。没有与治疗有关的死亡;然而,由于疾病的进展,一名患者在中止治疗后两周死亡。

研究人员说:“使用达布拉非尼时,我们观察到的反应的数量,速度和反应程度均高于通过化学疗法治疗进行性复发性小儿低级神经胶质瘤时所预期的反应,”他警告说,一项随机III期研究的结果首先要进行比较在进行任何直接比较之前,需要将dabrafenib联用MEK抑制剂trametinib和化学疗法联用。目前正在进行第三阶段研究。

研究人员补充说:“如果III期研究显示出临床益处,那么dabrafenib可能成为小儿低级神经胶质瘤的一线治疗新选择。” 研究人员还单独或与dabrafenib联合测试trametinib,以治疗先前治疗过的低级神经胶质瘤的儿科患者。

该研究的局限性在于缺乏长期副作用方面的数据。另外,研究设计不允许研究人员确定最佳治疗时间。目前正在进行的另一项研究旨在收集这些数据。

德国汉诺威国际神经科学研究所(INI)的儿科神经外科主任Concezio Di Rocco教授、德国巴特朗菲教授在论文《Pediatric intracranial primary anaplastic ganglioglioma 小儿颅内原发性间变性神经节胶质瘤》 中提出原发性颅内间变性神经节胶质瘤在儿科患者中是罕见的肿瘤。大多数患者表现为血压升高或癫痫症状。轴外定位远比轴向定位常见。在核磁共振检查,他们模拟毛细胞星形细胞瘤。手术后的结果主要取决于可能的手术切除量,肿瘤治疗是必要的,以防止疾病的复发。病例报告1例11岁男童因梗阻性脑积水而出现头痛及复视。大脑核磁共振成像显示,轴向部分对比增强病变在神经板从小脑延伸到松果体,并导致脑积水。对病变进行次全切除,诊断为间变性神经节胶质瘤,并由参考中心予以确认。在最近的跟进(3个月),男孩没有任何神经系统症状,并计划接受放射治疗和化疗。

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    2020-10-12 jklm09
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    2020-01-20 zhaojie88
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