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剧烈运动后尿液变成“浓茶色”,这是咋回事

2017-05-15 肖蓓 澎湃新闻

近日,平时不爱运动的小王,狂踩两小时动感单车减肥,当天回家就感觉浑身酸痛、恶心,结果,他连续5天小便呈“浓茶色”,来到医院就诊。医生告诉他,这是由于突然运动过猛导致横纹肌溶解综合征,诱发急性肾损伤。剧烈运动为何会导致急性肾损伤?还有哪些人群容易发生急性肾损伤?应该如何做好预防呢?上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院肾病科顾向晨医生提醒读者,急性肾损伤是临床十分常见的综合征,而且具有较大的危害,如果

近日,平时不爱运动的小王,狂踩两小时动感单车减肥,当天回家就感觉浑身酸痛、恶心,结果,他连续5天小便呈“浓茶色”,来到医院就诊。医生告诉他,这是由于突然运动过猛导致横纹肌溶解综合征,诱发急性肾损伤。

剧烈运动为何会导致急性肾损伤?还有哪些人群容易发生急性肾损伤?应该如何做好预防呢?上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院肾病科顾向晨医生提醒读者,急性肾损伤是临床十分常见的综合征,而且具有较大的危害,如果不经过积极治疗,往往会危及生命。

剧烈运动导致急性肾损伤

急性横纹肌的溶解是诱发急性肾损伤的常见因素,包括剧烈运动或身体受挤压(地震、车祸等)后导致肌肉损伤坏死等。近来,由于剧烈运动而引起横纹肌溶解导致急性肾损伤的病例报道并不鲜见,顾向晨医生在临床上也经常能碰到,“曾经有个外地病人,连续做了几百个下蹲运动,结果第二天就出现了肌红蛋白升高,酱油色小便等急性肾损伤的症状,到医院后立即进行透析治疗,一段时间后肾脏功能才慢慢恢复。”

剧烈运动为何会导致急性肾损伤?顾向晨解释说,循序渐进的运动一般不会引起急性肾衰竭,只有突然剧烈运动,加上不注意补充水分,才容易引发急性肾衰竭。

横纹肌溶解综合征是指横纹肌损伤,细胞膜的完整性受到破坏,细胞内容物如肌红蛋白漏出,进而引起肌肉酸痛、乏力、恶心、尿色加深甚至出现急性肾衰竭等一系列临床综合征。如果运动过猛,骨骼肌受损,细胞里的肌红蛋白就会大量流入血液,通过肾脏排出时,容易堵住“出口”肾小管,从而引起急性肾衰竭。

剧烈运动后的急性肾损伤如何进行治疗?顾向晨说,一般情况下经过及时治疗可以逆转,第一时间补液,去除加重急性肾损伤的危险因素,并安排透析以清除患者体内的毒素,并给予保肾、利尿、清除氧自由基、纠正酸碱失衡及电解质紊乱等治疗。

如果急性肾衰治疗不及时,有可能转为慢性肾脏病,可能患者一生都需要进行透析。此外,被破坏的肌肉细胞还会分泌出大量的钾,进入血液中会引起高钾血症,严重时可致心脏骤停危及生命。

预防急性肾损伤,首先要注意不要剧烈运动,循序渐进增加运动量。顾向晨表示,通常情况下,运动过度后,肌肉酸痛、乏力、呼吸困难、心跳快等几种反应是我们马上就能感觉到的。如果持续感到精神萎靡、食欲降低和尿液颜色变深,则应及时就医。建议长期缺乏运动的人群时间要由少到多地递增,运动前、中、后都要及时补充水分。运动后要多休息、多喝水、多排尿,促进体内的肌红蛋白等代谢废物的及时排出。

哪些人群易发生肾损伤

肾脏就像人体的“下水道”,很多疾病到最后都会出现肾损伤,ICU病房里一半的病人都曾出现过急性肾损伤。哪些人群是急性肾损伤的高危人群呢?

顾向晨说,引起急性肾损伤的原因十分多样,有综合性因素导致。目前医学上普遍将急性肾损伤的发病原因分为肾前性、肾性和肾后性三种。急性肾损伤临床上发病率较高,其临床表现也迥异,有些表现十分隐匿,肾功能自行恢复,而有些则病情十分危重,甚至需要临时或永久肾脏替代治疗。

研究表明,老年人、糖尿病病人、慢性肾脏病病人、肝硬化和心衰病人、低蛋白血症病人以及动脉血管疾病的病人都是该疾病的高危人群。

而在哪些情况下,以上人群容易发生急性肾损伤呢?首先合并严重感染,例如严重肺炎、胆囊炎、胰腺炎等情况;其次容量不足,包括失血性休克、严重腹泻和恶心呕吐导致大量的体液丢失等情况;另外需进行心脏血管等大型手术也易于诱发急性肾损伤的发生。此外药物因素也不能排除,是药三分毒,造影剂、抗生素、化疗药物甚至解热镇痛药(俗称退烧药)等均能导致急性肾损伤。

而如何做好预防工作呢?首先老年人、糖尿病病人、慢性肾脏病病人、肝硬化和心衰病人等高危人群在平时要注意预防严重感染的发生。在就医时需与医生充分沟通,要告知医生自己的具体病情和目前在使用的药物,慎用肾毒性药物,在使用任何药物前均要充分认识药物是否有肾脏不良反应,并避免多种药物联合使用引起的不良反应。

若确实需要使用某些具有肾毒性的药物或行相关检查,务必密切关注自身包括有无尿量减少、恶心呕吐、肢体浮肿等身体变化,动态观察肌酐变化,有任何不适请及时就医。

其次,在发生严重腹泻或恶心呕吐等情况,请及时补充液体,并及时就医,不要拖延。

总而言之,作为高危易感人群要及时发现病情变化,慎用肾毒性药物,有不适及时就医。只要在平时生活中做个有心人,早期预防,不让急性肾损伤发生也能成为可能。

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    2017-05-17 hbwxf
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    2017-05-16 杨利洪

    学习并提高了,分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651767, encodeId=42d61651e672a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e83d32e46fe' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#剧烈运动#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32746, encryptionId=e83d32e46fe, topicName=剧烈运动)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=084824261433, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Mon Dec 18 22:01:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1402312, encodeId=df671402312a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=862e8e196a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#茶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87196, encryptionId=862e8e196a1, topicName=茶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/eTyQ1TyLVfyaGrflWSd1Jw4u1F68ibicmN32DE38FjEW3zTIKeFeaMUAQsjyqaL4QZ3lRibFIzziacMz9niceznOTTw/132, createdBy=03082405249, createdName=hbwxf, createdTime=Wed May 17 11:01:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1449333, encodeId=6d86144933318, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b3e24e442bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿液#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47442, encryptionId=b3e24e442bc, topicName=尿液)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=66095470791, createdName=zhaohui6733, createdTime=Wed May 17 11:01:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198643, encodeId=b853198643f1, content=学习并提高了,分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Tue May 16 06:34:19 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198557, encodeId=3dd519855e43, content=要循序渐进,别想着一口吃个胖子。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Tue May 16 00:27:21 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-16 184****9840

    要循序渐进,别想着一口吃个胖子。

    0

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