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盘点:近期减重手术相关研究精华一览

2016-11-01 MedSci MedSci原创

肥胖是当今世界最为常见的健康问题之一。减重手术对于减轻体重和减少肥胖的并发症具有很好的效果。在很多发达国家中,减重手术的应用越来越多。本文梅斯医学小编为大家盘点相关研究进展,与大家分享。【1】BMJ:减重手术增加骨折风险近日,《英国医学杂志》(The BMJ)发表了一篇关于这一课题的研究文章。该研究为回顾性巢式病例对照研究,研究目的为探寻减重手术是否增加骨折风险。研究对象为加拿大魁北克省在20

肥胖是当今世界最为常见的健康问题之一。减重手术对于减轻体重和减少肥胖的并发症具有很好的效果。在很多发达国家中,减重手术的应用越来越多。本文梅斯医学小编为大家盘点相关研究进展,与大家分享。

【1】BMJ:减重手术增加骨折风险

近日,《英国医学杂志》(The BMJ)发表了一篇关于这一课题的研究文章。

该研究为回顾性巢式病例对照研究,研究目的为探寻减重手术是否增加骨折风险。研究对象为加拿大魁北克省在2001-2014年间进行减重手术的患者。共有12,676名患者进行减重手术,这些患者组成研究组;通过年龄和性别匹配选择了38,028名肥胖患者和126,760名非肥胖者作为对照组。主要终点事件为骨折发生的概率和部位。

研究结果:在手术之前,进行减重手术的患者(共1326例骨折,占10.5%)比肥胖(3065, 8.1%))或非肥胖(8329, 6.6%)对照组人群更容易出现骨折。进行手术平均4.4年后,进行减重手术的患者(514, 4.1%)与控制组的肥胖(1013, 2.7%)及非肥胖者(3008, 2.4%)相比也更易骨折。减重手术患者组的术后调整骨折风险高于控制组的肥胖(RR 1.38, 95%CI 1.23-1.55)和非肥胖(1.44, 1.29-1.59)人群。在研究组内部,手术后远端下肢骨折风险降低(RR 0.66, 0.56-0.78),但上肢骨折(1.64, 1.40-1.93))、脊柱骨折(1.78, 1.08-2.93)、髋关节骨折(2.52, 1.78-3.59)风险都增加了。

研究结论:进行减重手术的患者与肥胖者或非肥胖者相比更易出现骨折,且术后出现骨折的风险仍很高。骨折风险评估和管理应该作为减重手术治疗中的一部分。(文章详见--BMJ:减重手术增加骨折风险

【2】JAMA子刊:减重手术对早发性2型糖尿病患者更优

比较减重手术对早发糖尿病(年龄<40岁)、迟发糖尿病(年龄≥40年)患者的糖尿病缓解率的短期和长期影响。

方法:在这个队列研究中,558例台湾患者(339 例为早发2型糖尿病患者,219了为迟发2型糖尿病患者)的BMI在25以上,进行减重手术,以改善2型糖尿病。患者随访至少1年。主要终点为2型糖尿病的缓解率(无降血糖药物的情况下,糖化血红蛋白值 <6.0%)

结论:本文描述了减重手术对早发2型糖尿病患者的最长期影响,相比迟发2型糖尿病患者,早发2型糖尿病患者可以通过减重手术,达到更好且持久的血糖控制。(文章详见--JAMA子刊:减重手术对早发性2型糖尿病患者更优

【3】JAMA Surg:减肥手术对重度肥胖青少年的成本效益研究

严重肥胖影响4%到6%的美国青年,并且患病率呈增加趋势。手术治疗青少年重度肥胖,也是越来越普遍,但成本效益的数据是有限的。

利用新近公布的青少年减肥手术的纵向研究评估结果,评估减肥手术对肥胖青少年的成本效益。

研究纳入了228例患者,平均年龄(SD)为17(1.6)岁,平均(范围)身体质量指数为53(34-88),171例(75%)是女性。

研究显示,如果评估超过5年的时间跨度,减肥手术对于严重肥胖的青少年患有是具有成本效益的治疗。(文章详见--JAMA Surg:减肥手术对重度肥胖青少年的成本效益研究

【4】JAMA Surg:减肥手术会增加早产风险?

研究数据显示,减肥手术和分娩之间的时间间隔低于2年的女性,其后代的早产儿、新生儿ICU监护和小于胎龄儿的风险增加。

西雅图华盛顿大学医学中心的外科病区的Brodie Parent博士和同事进行了一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究,纳入10296名女性(平均年龄29岁),确定减肥手术是否与围产期并发症有关。基于手术状态将其分组:术后母亲和她们的婴儿(n = 1859),非手术母亲和她们的婴儿(n = 8437)。

与没有手术的女性的后代比较,减肥手术女性的后代更有可能出现出生胎龄小于37周(RR = 1.57;95% CI,1.33-1.85),更可能是出生胎龄小于32周(RR = 1.71;95% CI,1.16-2.01),更有可能需要进入新生儿重症监护病房(RR = 1.25;95% CI,1.08-1.44);此外,小于胎龄儿风险(RR = 1.93;95% CI,1.65-2.26)和Apgar评分≤8分的风险也更高;不过大胎龄状况的风险更低(RR = 0.53;95% CI,0.44-0.65)。

减肥手术和分娩之间的时间间隔低于2年的女性后代,和超过4年的女性后代比较,早产儿(RR = 1.48;95% CI,1.48;95% CI,1-2.19)、入住新生儿重症监护病房(RR = 1.54;95% CI,1.05-2.25)和小于胎龄儿(RR = 1.51;95% CI,0.94-2.42)的风险更高。(文章详见--JAMA Surg:减肥手术会增加早产风险?

【5】Clin Gastroenterol H: 非酒精性脂肪肝肥胖患者接受减肥手术要当心!!!

减肥手术与改善重度肥胖者的预后相关,近日,消化病领域权威杂志Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology发表了一篇很有意义的研究文章,旨在评估非酒精性脂肪肝患者接受减肥手术的预后情况。

研究者对1997年1月到2004年12月期间在瑞士单中心接受胃旁路减肥手术的492例患者进行了回顾性分析,并进行常规的围手术期肝活检、组织学分析以及分离RNA,并且收集了研究对象的总体生存率、临床和生化指标等数据。研究者通过肝脏活检来确定接受减肥手术者中非酒精性脂肪肝患者;而来自于NHANES III研究的对照者是基于超声回声以及增高的肝丙氨酸转氨酶水平来确定。

在研究之初,接受减肥手术的患者的平均身体质量指数为43.6 kg/m2;基于组织学检测结果,12%的患者患有非酒精性脂肪肝,16%的患者患有肝脏纤维化。手术后的中位随访时间为10.2年,其中4.2%的受试者死亡。在多变量Cox回归分析中,研究者发现非酒精性脂肪肝(风险比为2.9;P=0.2)和高血压(风险比为3.9;P=0.2)与减肥手术术后总死亡率相关。当行减肥手术患者与NHANES III参与者(对照者)进行匹配后,研究者发现在随访期内减肥手术可以减少肥胖患者的死亡风险(风险比为0.54;P=0.4)。然而,接受减肥手术的非酒精性脂肪肝患者并不能降低死亡风险(风险比为0.90;P=0.85)。

由此可见,非酒精性脂肪肝与接受减肥手术患者的死亡风险增加有关,在非酒精性脂肪肝的受试者中进行减肥手术的生存获益可能性减少。(文章详见--Clin Gastroenterol H: 非酒精性脂肪肝肥胖患者接受减肥手术要当心!!!

【6】BJS:系统评价减肥手术后糖尿病的风险预测模型

糖尿病缓解是减肥手术后的一个重要的结果。本研究的目的是确定减肥手术后糖尿病缓解的风险预测模型。

对Medline、MEDLINE‐In‐Process、EMBASE和Cochrane对照实验数据库进行检索,截止2015年4月,纳入减肥手术后糖尿病结局风险因素的开发和验证研究。数据提取包括人口统计学、结局、变量、模型区别和校准。

检索到的2330项研究中,8项符合纳入标准。其中,6项提出了开发风险预测模型,2项对现有模型进行了验证。所有纳入模型均用于预测糖尿病缓解情况。一个模型报告称用了十倍验证进行内部验证。两个模型(ABCD评分和DiaRem评分)使用独立的病人,分别在术后12个月和14个月糖尿病缓解,进行外部验证。八个研究中有11个队列,在任何队列中都没有报道校准,2项报告了模型的区别。

目前可预测减肥手术后糖尿病风险的模型很多,但是只有2个模型经历了外部验证的检验。(文章详见--BJS:系统评价减肥手术后糖尿病的风险预测模型

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    2016-11-04 小靖儿

    药物减重和手术减重哪个更好呢

    0

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    2016-11-02 邓启付

    在很多发达国家中,减重手术的应用越来越多。

    0

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    2016-11-01 保守主义

    继续期待

    0

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    2016-11-01 保守主义

    生活方式重要~

    0

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    2016-11-01 邓启付

    进行减重手术的患者与肥胖者或非肥胖者相比更易出现骨折,且术后出现骨折的风险仍很高。

    0

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