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Nat Methods:机器人可自动探查活体脑细胞内部运作

2012-05-19 华凌 中国科技网

据物理学家组织网近日报道,美国麻省理工学院和佐治亚理工学院研究人员开发出利用机器人操纵来自动发现和记录活体大脑中神经元信息的方法,即用一种全细胞膜片钳制动一个微小的空心玻璃针,在神经细胞的膜上开孔,以记录其内部电活性。该研究成果刊登在5月6日《自然-方法》期刊上。 这种深入大脑中神经元内部运作的方式可提供大量有用的信息,如电活性模式、细胞内部状况、甚至基因在某一时刻被闭合的剖面。然而,能够实现这

据物理学家组织网近日报道,美国麻省理工学院和佐治亚理工学院研究人员开发出利用机器人操纵来自动发现和记录活体大脑中神经元信息的方法,即用一种全细胞膜片钳制动一个微小的空心玻璃针,在神经细胞的膜上开孔,以记录其内部电活性。该研究成果刊登在5月6日《自然-方法》期刊上。

这种深入大脑中神经元内部运作的方式可提供大量有用的信息,如电活性模式、细胞内部状况、甚至基因在某一时刻被闭合的剖面。然而,能够实现这个入口非常困难,目前世界上只有极少数实验室在进行尝试,这种自动发现和记录活体大脑中神经元信息的最新方法有望改变该领域研究现状。研究人员证明,在一个细胞检测的计算机程序的引导下,与人工相比,该自动装置识别和记录活老鼠大脑中的神经元信息具有更好的精度和速度。

采用新型自动化装置消除了对活体细胞的活动进行数月定向和长期搜索的需要。采用这种技术,科学家可将大脑中数千个细胞划分成不同类型,还可绘制其彼此之间的连接,并从正常细胞中找出病变细胞。

研究人员称,该方法在研究大脑疾病方面将会尤其有用,如精神分裂症、帕金森氏症、自闭症和癫痫。科学家们一直难以描述这些疾病中一个细胞与其具有电活回路和性能的分子集成。描绘出疾病如何改变活体大脑内特定细胞分子,将会更好地发现药物的靶标。

如果通过人工对这种精密仪器进行操作,需花上4个月的训练时间,最终还可能不是很精准,于是研究人员将这项任务交与机器人来操作,其机械手臂由计算机程序做指导。研究人员说,在神经科学中使用机器人来研究有生命的动物还仅仅是个开始,而像这样的机器人可能被用于在大脑中有目标点地注入药物,或提供基因治疗载体,希望新方法也能激励神经学家追求各类机器人自动化,例如在光遗传学方面,利用光有针对性地干扰神经回路和确定神经元在大脑功能中发挥的因果作用。(生物谷:Bioon.com)

doi:10.1038/nmeth.1993
PMC:
PMID:

Automated whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology of neurons in vivo

Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah, Giovanni Talei Franzesi, Brian Y Chow, Edward S Boyden & Craig R Forest

Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology of neurons is a gold-standard technique for high-fidelity analysis of the biophysical mechanisms of neural computation and pathology, but it requires great skill to perform. We have developed a robot that automatically performs patch clamping in vivo, algorithmically detecting cells by analyzing the temporal sequence of electrode impedance changes. We demonstrate good yield, throughput and quality of automated intracellular recording in mouse cortex and hippocampus.

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    2013-05-01 liye789132251
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    2012-12-09 一闲
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    2012-05-21 xue8602
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