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大夫,我头晕乏力…|急诊4大陷阱式主诉

2016-11-19 周倩云 北京大学人民医院急诊科 急诊病例研讨会(xdyybl)

同一种疾病,在不同患者身上体现的主诉可能各不相同。尤其是一些非特异性症状,如:心悸、头晕、乏力等,临床迷惑性更大。本文总结了急诊 4 大常见“陷阱式”主诉:心悸、头晕乏力、四肢无力及晕厥。今天与大家分享《四大常见“陷阱式”主诉 —— 头晕、乏力》陷阱之二:头晕、乏力头晕是急诊最常见的主诉之一,也是最容易遭遇陷阱的主诉。首诊印象通常是与高血压、脑血管病、颈椎病或前庭性眩晕相联系,一概给予改善循环治疗

同一种疾病,在不同患者身上体现的主诉可能各不相同。尤其是一些非特异性症状,如:心悸、头晕、乏力等,临床迷惑性更大。本文总结了急诊 4 大常见“陷阱式”主诉:心悸、头晕乏力、四肢无力及晕厥。今天与大家分享《四大常见“陷阱式”主诉 —— 头晕、乏力


陷阱之二:头晕、乏力


头晕是急诊最常见的主诉之一,也是最容易遭遇陷阱的主诉。首诊印象通常是与高血压、脑血管病、颈椎病或前庭性眩晕相联系,一概给予改善循环治疗。但头晕、乏力均为非特异性主诉,它可能仅是某种全身性疾病的一个片面反映,在临床上应详加甄别。


“陷阱”实例 1:


首诊经过:患者男性,63 岁,就诊时间为晚上 8 点。主诉头晕、双下肢乏力1天。患者1天前出现头晕,双下肢乏力,拖着地走,入院当天在外院输舒血宁后无明显好转。既往有高血压糖尿病、冠心病、2次脑梗。


入院查体:BP 180/92 mmHg, SPO2 95%,一般情况可,神清,语利,四肢肌力正常。急诊查头颅CT提示左侧小脑、桥脑、双侧基底节区及半卵圆中心多发腔隙灶及软化灶。


初步处理:醒脑静 + 天眩清改善脑循环,及倍他乐克降压治疗。


后续变化:留观期间发现发热,测体温 38.9℃,无咳嗽,无大小便异常。化验血常规示 WBC 12.29 × 109 /L,NE 76.1%。给予头孢呋辛抗感染。次日复诊,查胸片提示左中肺炎。


教训:全身乏力或双侧肢体均无力,不应首先考虑脑血管疾病。另外,很多发热病人就诊时并未主诉发热,需要医生查体时注意辨别。




“陷阱”实例 2:


首诊经过:患者女性,74 岁,就诊时间为下午1点半。主诉头晕、乏力半天,无单侧肢体活动障碍。既往有高血压、糖尿病、颈椎病。


入院查体:BP 169/87 mmHg, P 82 次/分,SPO2 100%,神清,自主体位,四肢肌力及肌张力正常。急诊查头颅 CT 提示双侧基底节区及半卵圆中心多发腔隙灶。颈椎正侧位提示颈椎退行性骨关节病。


初步处理:醒脑静 + 疏血通 + 天眩清改善脑循环。


后续变化:6:30 pm 患者神志模糊,嗜睡,不认人。紧急测血糖 1.4 mmol/L,静脉推注高糖后患者神志恢复。


教训:糖尿病患者主诉头晕,应首先排除血糖异常,血糖过低或过高均可能导致头晕。问诊时,应重点询问患者进食及糖尿病用药情况。另外,临床上也经常见到以头晕为主诉的首发糖尿病患者。




“陷阱”实例 3:


首诊经过:患者男性,72 岁,就诊时间为中午 12 点。主诉头晕 1 周。患者 1 周前开始出现头晕、呕吐,就诊于某中医院,考虑胃肠型感染给予中药治疗,症状无明显缓解。既往糖尿病、丙肝、脑梗塞病史。


入院查体:BP 91/52 mmHg,P 102次/分,SPO2 99%,一般情况可,伸舌不偏,四肢肌力及肌张力正常。急诊查血常规 WBC 12.15 × 109 /L,NE 77.4%。HGB 127 g/L, PLT 正常。生化示:BUN 15.79 mmol/L(2.8-7.2),CRE 157 umol/L(59-104),UA 697  umol/L(208-428),Glu 8.3 mmol/L(3.3-6.1), K+  3.27 mmol/l(3.5-5.3),余正常。尿比重 ≥ 1.030,胆红素、蛋白及酮体各1+。D 二聚体 126 ng/mL。头颅 CT 提示双侧基底节区多发腔隙灶。


初步处理:抗感染 + 保护胃黏膜 + 及改善脑循环治疗。


后续变化:患者带药回社区输液 2 天,因症状不缓解于第 3 天复诊。复诊查体:BP 107/66mmHg, P 97次/分,面色青灰,一般情况差,腹部无压痛。追问病史,患者近1周纳差,进食少,尿极少。因患者有丙肝病史,查阅1年前腹部B超提示肝脏弥漫性病变,脾大。为排除肝硬化,进一步检查B超,结果提示:胰头后外侧低回声结构,与十二指肠分界不清,其周围、肝动脉旁、下腔静脉旁多发肿大淋巴结;胃潴留;肝脏弥漫性病变。查腹部增强 CT 提示十二指肠降段癌,并周围多发淋巴结转移,侵犯肝脏边缘及右肾静脉可能性大,肺部多发转移瘤;脾脏增大,并脾梗塞。


教训:对于一般情况较差且初步处理后病情仍进行性加重的患者,应给予格外重视,积极完善相关检查。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284808, encodeId=b6be128480818, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16134436817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头晕#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44368, encryptionId=16134436817, topicName=头晕)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369103, encodeId=bf8e136910331, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0dc23360b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乏力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23360, encryptionId=d0dc23360b6, topicName=乏力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c2b4297, createdName=徐岩, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157052, encodeId=6ee215e0529f, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLS3nbTc0lzBwDxSVnm5KA9vNmsZrjTSvKlld6teMf4RG4ZmZWRvC80GB7zl4TSib3BAoZgcCYpzxQ/132, createdBy=02681961038, createdName=若轩, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 12:32:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157029, encodeId=7f9215e02981, content=好吓人,想想都恐怖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157027, encodeId=489715e02740, content=好吓人, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:34 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-21 sjzlzc007
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284808, encodeId=b6be128480818, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16134436817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头晕#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44368, encryptionId=16134436817, topicName=头晕)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369103, encodeId=bf8e136910331, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0dc23360b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乏力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23360, encryptionId=d0dc23360b6, topicName=乏力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c2b4297, createdName=徐岩, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157052, encodeId=6ee215e0529f, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLS3nbTc0lzBwDxSVnm5KA9vNmsZrjTSvKlld6teMf4RG4ZmZWRvC80GB7zl4TSib3BAoZgcCYpzxQ/132, createdBy=02681961038, createdName=若轩, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 12:32:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157029, encodeId=7f9215e02981, content=好吓人,想想都恐怖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157027, encodeId=489715e02740, content=好吓人, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:34 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-21 徐岩
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284808, encodeId=b6be128480818, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16134436817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头晕#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44368, encryptionId=16134436817, topicName=头晕)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369103, encodeId=bf8e136910331, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0dc23360b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乏力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23360, encryptionId=d0dc23360b6, topicName=乏力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c2b4297, createdName=徐岩, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157052, encodeId=6ee215e0529f, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLS3nbTc0lzBwDxSVnm5KA9vNmsZrjTSvKlld6teMf4RG4ZmZWRvC80GB7zl4TSib3BAoZgcCYpzxQ/132, createdBy=02681961038, createdName=若轩, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 12:32:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157029, encodeId=7f9215e02981, content=好吓人,想想都恐怖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157027, encodeId=489715e02740, content=好吓人, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:34 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-20 若轩

    好文章

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284808, encodeId=b6be128480818, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16134436817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头晕#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44368, encryptionId=16134436817, topicName=头晕)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369103, encodeId=bf8e136910331, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0dc23360b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乏力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23360, encryptionId=d0dc23360b6, topicName=乏力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c2b4297, createdName=徐岩, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157052, encodeId=6ee215e0529f, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLS3nbTc0lzBwDxSVnm5KA9vNmsZrjTSvKlld6teMf4RG4ZmZWRvC80GB7zl4TSib3BAoZgcCYpzxQ/132, createdBy=02681961038, createdName=若轩, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 12:32:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157029, encodeId=7f9215e02981, content=好吓人,想想都恐怖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157027, encodeId=489715e02740, content=好吓人, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:34 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-20 KO229256262

    好吓人,想想都恐怖

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284808, encodeId=b6be128480818, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16134436817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头晕#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44368, encryptionId=16134436817, topicName=头晕)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369103, encodeId=bf8e136910331, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0dc23360b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乏力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23360, encryptionId=d0dc23360b6, topicName=乏力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c2b4297, createdName=徐岩, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157052, encodeId=6ee215e0529f, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLS3nbTc0lzBwDxSVnm5KA9vNmsZrjTSvKlld6teMf4RG4ZmZWRvC80GB7zl4TSib3BAoZgcCYpzxQ/132, createdBy=02681961038, createdName=若轩, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 12:32:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157029, encodeId=7f9215e02981, content=好吓人,想想都恐怖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157027, encodeId=489715e02740, content=好吓人, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Sun Nov 20 09:44:34 CST 2016, time=2016-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-20 KO229256262

    好吓人

    0

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