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让人后怕的法式接吻!会致癌?

2015-07-31 潘战和 @肿瘤专科医生

作者:潘战和   @肿瘤专科医生  厦门大学附属中山医院肿瘤科副主任医师 今天一则劲爆消息刷屏,据参考消息网报道:台媒称,研究显示接吻已经取代吸烟和饮酒,成为罹患头颈癌的最主要危险因子。 据台湾中央社7月28日援引美媒报道,法式接吻可以传播人类乳突病毒(HPV)。英国皇家达尔文医院颌面头颈外科主任汤玛斯医师说,70%的头颈癌病例都是由这种病毒引起。汤玛斯

作者:潘战和   @肿瘤专科医生  厦门大学附属中山医院肿瘤科副主任医师 

今天一则劲爆消息刷屏,据参考消息网报道:台媒称,研究显示接吻已经取代吸烟和饮酒,成为罹患头颈癌的最主要危险因子。

据台湾中央社728日援引美媒报道,法式接吻可以传播人类乳突病毒(HPV英国皇家达尔文医院颌面头颈外科主任汤玛斯医师说,70%的头颈癌病例都是由这种病毒引起。汤玛斯医师说,如果你的口咽部感染HPV,你罹患头颈癌的风险比没有感染病毒的人高出250倍。虽然HPV最常和子宫颈癌有关,不过也可以影响男性和女性。HPV有超过100种类型,不过只有8种高度危险的HPV病毒株会导致口咽部癌症

疾病管制暨预防中心表示,研究显示,口腔HPV可以经由法式接吻传递,虽然7%的人具有口腔HPV,但只有1%的人具有会在口咽癌中发现的口腔HPV。汤玛斯医师说,近期研究显示,即使只是没有性行为的爱抚动作,也可能会传染HPV

这则消息其实从学术本身来看,并没有什么太多值得大惊小怪的东西,它之所以引发大家的关注,很显然,就是因为跟“接吻”扯上关系。接吻还会致癌?这个也太可怕了!由此可能引发大家的心理恐慌,估摸着以后接吻之前都得三思。

到底应该如何看待这则消息?接吻真的会致癌吗?

先来简要地说一下HPVHPV是什么?就是一种病毒,英文全称是human papilloma virus,缩写为HPV,翻译成中文就是“人乳头瘤病毒”,它是一种具有强烈嗜上皮性、严格的宿主范围和组织特异性的DNA病毒,它与多种肿瘤的发生密切相关,比如宫颈癌、阴道癌、肛管癌等。

大家印象最深也最熟悉的可能就是HPV与宫颈癌的关系。目前认为HPV感染是宫颈癌发生最主要的原因之一,甚至可以说是宫颈癌发生的首要原因。其实HPV在人群中的感染很常见,大部分妇女的感染期比较短,一般可以一年内消失,但有15%左右的35岁以上妇女存在持续感染,这些持续感染的妇女有更高的风险得宫颈癌,当然,并非所有的HPV有同样的致癌风险,HPV16HPV18型的持续感染的妇女尤其风险高。目前已经发现的HPV100多种,其中多数与生殖道感染相关,约20种与肿瘤相关性。依据不同型与癌发生的危险性高低分为低危险型HPV(如6114243型等)和高危型HPV(如161831333545等)。

广为大家所知的是宫颈癌疫苗,正是针对HPV感染的,也就是说所谓的预防宫颈癌的疫苗其实就是通过应用这种疫苗来预防HPV感染,从而降低发生宫颈癌的机率,因而,所谓宫颈癌疫苗本质就是HPV疫苗。当然,由于HPV有多种类型,一种疫苗不可能针对所有的类型的HPV,目前开发的宫颈癌疫苗主要是针对高危型HPV,比如针对HPV1618等。从这个意义上看,用于预防HBV(乙肝病毒)的疫苗(乙肝疫苗)也可以算是一种预防肝癌的疫苗,因为乙肝病毒是导致肝癌的重要发病原因,预防乙肝有助于降低发生肝癌(原发性肝癌)的风险。

病毒是一种致病因子,它可以通过某种途径传播,比如乙肝病毒HBV可通过体液、血液传播,血液大家都知道,输血可以直接传播,体液是什么?体液一般也就是通过接吻、性生活等,另外,乙肝还可以通过母婴垂直传染。人乳头瘤病毒HPV呢?它也可以通过体液传播,最常见的就是性生活,也这正是为什么HPV最常导致宫颈癌、阴道癌、肛管癌这些外生殖部位的癌症。当然,安全性行为一般问题不大,但如果性伴侣太多、滥性、性混乱等不安全性行为,除了可能感染上梅毒、艾滋病等外,还会导致HPV感染概率增加,特别是高危型HPV的感染

HPV与宫颈癌发生的关系大家已经熟悉,回到HPV与头颈癌的关系上来。近年来越来越多的研究发现,HPV与人头颈部鳞癌关系密切,其实更具体一点主要是指口咽癌,而不能简单地说头颈癌,因为头颈癌包括的癌种太多,比如鼻腔癌和鼻窦癌、涎腺癌、口腔癌、口咽癌、鼻咽癌、下咽癌、喉癌、甚至甲状腺癌等等,并非所有这些头颈部癌症都与HPV的感染密切相关,所以必须明确,报道中所谓的头颈癌主要是指口咽癌,HPV导致头颈癌的增加也主要是指导致口咽癌增加,并不是导致所有的头颈癌增加。

口咽癌的发生与HPV的感染有关。HPV怎么感染上的?前面说了,HPV病毒最主要的传播途径就是性接触,所以,宫颈部位、阴道部位、肛门部位容易感染HPV,也因此这些部位容易发生HVP导致的癌症(宫颈癌、阴道癌、肛管癌)。HPV是怎么感染上口咽的?其实多数情况下也与性行为接触有关,最容易染上HPV的性行为就是所谓“口交”,这个我就不具体解释了。

即便没有生殖器的直接接触,也还是可能感染上HPV,那就是接吻,也仍是属于体液传播。某个人的口咽口腔寄居有HPV病毒,当你与他/她接吻时,自然就有可能被传染上HPV,但这个人口咽部为什么有HPV病毒感染?他/她又可能是从另一个性伴侣身上来的,那源头在哪里?未知,但我想,“口交”是重要源头。

“性”乃人类的基本需求,难道为了防癌让大家不要接吻不要过性生活?当然不是!正常的性行为,问题不大,减少性伴侣的数目、进行安全的性行为、尽量避免某些性行为方式(比如“口交”),如此一来,问题就不大。

其实,尽管HPV是致癌的重要因素,但也仍只是少部分HPV感染者最终发展为真正的癌,这说明什么呢?说明HPV感染只是提供了可能性,并不是说只要感染了HPV就肯定会导致癌症的发生,仅仅HPV感染并不足以导致癌症的发生,癌症的发生是多因素的,除了HVP感染,其他环境因素也不容忽视,比如饮酒、吸烟雾、口腔卫生等,另外,遗传易感性也同样是关键因素。

接吻有风险,吻前先看人,这让那些以接吻作为问候礼的国家情何以堪?其实,同样是吻,浅浅一吻,仅仅只是蜻蜓点水式的礼节式吻,一般问题不大。

报道中说到,法式接吻可以传播人乳突病毒(HPV),弱弱地问一句:什么是“法式接吻”?!。。。。。。

本文授权转载!

相关报道:

Oral Oncol:HPV感染可促使年轻个体头颈癌的发生率升高

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38133, encodeId=79483813330, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34479, encodeId=7bd1344e902, content=我的天,不可能吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34480, encodeId=9bcb344804f, content=作者绝对是放大了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370829, encodeId=88d813e0829d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c25323, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 05:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33997, encodeId=ed093399e8d, content=危言耸听了啦~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 16:43:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33947, encodeId=e4253394e0a, content=不知道, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=069c1625309, createdName=I+am+super, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 07:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33917, encodeId=59e93391ef5, content=同问,法式接吻是啥?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Fri Jul 31 15:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-08 hlycom3356

    这篇文章写得很好

    0

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    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    我的天,不可能吧

    0

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    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    作者绝对是放大了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38133, encodeId=79483813330, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34479, encodeId=7bd1344e902, content=我的天,不可能吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34480, encodeId=9bcb344804f, content=作者绝对是放大了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370829, encodeId=88d813e0829d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c25323, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 05:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33997, encodeId=ed093399e8d, content=危言耸听了啦~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 16:43:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33947, encodeId=e4253394e0a, content=不知道, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=069c1625309, createdName=I+am+super, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 07:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33917, encodeId=59e93391ef5, content=同问,法式接吻是啥?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Fri Jul 31 15:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-02 jambiya
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38133, encodeId=79483813330, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34479, encodeId=7bd1344e902, content=我的天,不可能吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34480, encodeId=9bcb344804f, content=作者绝对是放大了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370829, encodeId=88d813e0829d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c25323, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 05:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33997, encodeId=ed093399e8d, content=危言耸听了啦~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 16:43:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33947, encodeId=e4253394e0a, content=不知道, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=069c1625309, createdName=I+am+super, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 07:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33917, encodeId=59e93391ef5, content=同问,法式接吻是啥?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Fri Jul 31 15:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-01 Jianghuiqin

    危言耸听了啦~

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38133, encodeId=79483813330, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34479, encodeId=7bd1344e902, content=我的天,不可能吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34480, encodeId=9bcb344804f, content=作者绝对是放大了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370829, encodeId=88d813e0829d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c25323, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 05:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33997, encodeId=ed093399e8d, content=危言耸听了啦~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 16:43:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33947, encodeId=e4253394e0a, content=不知道, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=069c1625309, createdName=I+am+super, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 07:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33917, encodeId=59e93391ef5, content=同问,法式接吻是啥?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Fri Jul 31 15:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-01 I+am+super

    不知道

    0

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    2015-07-31 lovejing

    同问,法式接吻是啥?

    0

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