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Cell:EGFR通过beclin 1抑制自噬,诱导非小细胞肺癌生长和耐药

2013-09-24 佚名 手牵手博客站

日前,来自德克萨斯大学西南医学中心的研究人员发现,一种正常情况下提供细胞分裂信号的蛋白质,当其过度活跃时会破坏身体的正常细胞再循环过程(cellular recycling),促进癌症的生长及化疗耐药。这项研究发表在9月12日的《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。【原文下载】 表皮生长因子受体( EGFR )在许多类型癌细胞的表面异常高水平表达。由德克萨斯大学西南医学中心自噬

日前,来自德克萨斯大学西南医学中心的研究人员发现,一种正常情况下提供细胞分裂信号的蛋白质,当其过度活跃时会破坏身体的正常细胞再循环过程(cellular recycling),促进癌症的生长及化疗耐药。这项研究发表在9月12日的《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。【原文下载】

表皮生长因子受体( EGFR )在许多类型癌细胞的表面异常高水平表达。由德克萨斯大学西南医学中心自噬研究中心主任、霍华德休斯医学研究所(HHMI)研究员Beth Levine 博士领导的这项新研究揭示, EGFR 通过结合正常开启细胞再循环过程的蛋白Beclin 1,关闭了自噬过程。细胞通常通过自噬过程来再循环不需要的元件。研究人员还发现, EGFR 失活自噬导致了移植非小细胞肺癌的小鼠体内肿瘤更快速地生长及化疗耐药。

“这类细胞表面受体能够直接与Beclin 1互作并关闭自噬,发现这一事实让我们基本了解了某些癌基因有可能是如何致癌的。我们的研究结果表明,自噬失活可能是肺癌进程中的一个至关重要的因素,” Levine 博士说。

在早先的研究工作中, Levine 博士实验室确定了beclin 1是第一个证实在自噬中发挥功能的哺乳动物基因。这一基因发生缺陷有可能不仅会导致癌症,还会促进衰老,引起神经退行性疾病和传染病。

尽管 EGFR 细胞信号作用与癌症生长之间的关系早已为人所知,且有几种 EGFR 药物抑制剂已经上市用于对抗癌症,但这一过程的确切作用机制仍然是一个谜题。最新的研究揭示Beclin 1是一条重要的途径, EGFR 有可能通过它使得机体的抗癌自噬机器出现异常,促进了肿瘤生长。

新研究的第二个发现与化疗耐药有关。目前有一些正在进行中的临床试验,就是针对采用自噬抑制剂来克服许多肿瘤形成的化疗耐药进行测试。出乎意料地是, Levine '博士的研究发现了相反的结果:自噬抑制有可能实际上会让带有某些特定癌症突变的患者化疗结局变得更差。研究人员证实,自噬减少的癌细胞相比于自噬正常的癌细胞生长速度更快,对化疗更加的耐药。 Levine 博士指出,这些研究发现或许可以适用于许多不同的癌症类型,尤其是那些依赖于 EGFR (或相关信号分子)来实现快速增长的癌症。

根据研究作者John Minna 博士所说,大约10%的肺癌患者有 EGFR 癌基因突变。尤其是对这些患者而言,这一研究发现对于开发个体化的靶向治疗有可能具有重要的意义。

Minna 博士说:“ EGFR 蛋白是我们针对肺癌治疗最重要的靶点之一——尤其是那些肿瘤中具有某些 EGFR 基因突变的患者。我们有一些口服药物在这一患者亚群中获得了显著的临床效益,提高了他们的生存率,但即便是这些治疗获得成功的患者最终也会对治疗产生耐药。”

“出于两个原因,这些新研究发现具有重要的意义:首先,它们提供了关于如何将 EGFR 靶向治疗扩展到更大的肺癌患者群,包括那些肿瘤中没有突变的患者群的独到见解。第二,它们提供了一种克服 EGFR 靶向治疗耐药的全新方法。”

原文下载

Yongjie Wei, Zhongju Zou, Nils Becker, Matthew Anderson, Rhea Sumpter, Guanghua Xiao, Lisa Kinch, Prasad Koduru, Christhunesa S. Christudass, Robert W. Veltri, Nick V. Grishin, Michael Peyton, John Minna , Govind Bhagat, Beth Levine. EGFR -Mediated Beclin 1 Phosphorylation in Autophagy Suppression, Tumor Progression, and Tumor Chemoresistance. Cell, 12 September 2013; DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.015. 【原文下载】

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    2014-02-17 8.35.201.47

    如何解释自噬的两面性?到底是促进好还是抑制好?

    0

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    2014-02-02 维他命
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    2013-09-26 liuyiping

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表皮生长因子激素受体(EGFR)基因突变可以改善晚期非小肺癌(NSCLC)患者的疗效及预后。然而,对于它在早期非小细胞肺癌患者预后中的作用没有得到很好的鉴定。 针对这种情况,来自美国马萨诸塞州总医院和哈佛医学院医学系的Michael Lanuti博士等人进行了一项研究。

晚期非小细胞肺癌EGFR-TKI失败后治疗策略

近年来,涉及表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI,吉非替尼和厄洛替尼)治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC) 的各类研究层见叠出,证据亦越来越多。各类指南推荐的TKI治疗范围涵盖了晚期NSCLC的二、三线治疗,一线治疗甚至维持治疗,由此推断极大比例的晚期 NSCLC患者在其治疗过程中的某个阶段必然会接受EGFR-TKI治疗。但是,无论近期疗效如何,最终患者都会不可避免地出现对TK

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背景: 培美曲塞或吉非替尼为东亚地区晚期非鳞NSCLC患者二线治疗的常规治疗手段。CTONG 0806研究为一项多中心、随机对照、开放标签的II期临床试验,该试验针对无EGFR突变的晚期NSCLC患者,旨在对培美曲塞与吉非替尼用于二线治疗时的疗效进行对比考察。 方法:本研究招募对象为局部晚期或转移性非鳞NSCLC患者,患者此前曾接受过铂制剂为基础的化疗,且第18-21外显子不存在EGFR突变。患

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