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Clinical Nutrition:多喝低脂或脱脂牛奶可降低全因和心脏特异性死亡率

2021-10-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

随着人们对营养认知的加深,也逐步了解了热量的计算,明白了脂肪是热量来源的一大主力。

      随着人们对营养认知的加深,也逐步了解了热量的计算,明白了脂肪是热量来源的一大主力。于是在超市中,我们也可以看到低脂牛奶、脱脂酸奶等更为“健康”的食物。但目前对于日常生活中究竟是该喝全脂牛奶好还是喝低脂牛奶较好都还没有定论。本研究旨在探究与全脂牛奶相比,总死亡率和病因特异性死亡率与 2g/100ml 或≤ 1g/100ml 低脂牛奶消费量之间的关联。

 

      研究人员在1999-2014年间在美国国家健康和营养检查项目中招募了 29283 名年龄≥20 岁的成年人,然后随访了平均8.3 年。在随访期间收集了患者们基线时的牛奶消费类型(例如,全脂、2g/100ml 低脂和≤1g/100ml 低脂)。使用加权 Cox 比例回归评估牛奶类型和死亡率之间关联的危险比。

 

      在 241572 人年的随访时间中,发生了4170例死亡事件,包括730例心脏病相关死亡和 846例癌症死亡。经多变量调整后,摄入脂肪含量较低的牛奶与总死亡率和血管死亡率呈负相关关系。与食用全脂牛奶的参与者相比,食用2克/100克或≤1克/100克低脂牛奶的参与者的总死亡率降低了14%–22%(p≤0.001)。摄入2g/100ml 或≤ 1g/100ml低脂牛奶的个体心脏相关死亡率的风险比 (95% CI) 为 0.73 (0.55–0.97) 和 0.67 (0.49–0.91)(p= 0.009))。在癌症、阿尔茨海默病或糖尿病导致的死亡率方面,全脂牛奶和低脂牛奶之间没有发现显着差异。

 

      本项研究证实与全脂牛奶相比,低脂或脱脂牛奶的摄入与总死亡率和心脏相关死亡率的降低有关。低脂牛奶可能比全脂牛奶更有利于促进普通成年人的心血管健康。

 

 

原始出处 :

Shanjie Wang. Et al. Decreased risk of all-cause and heart-specific mortality is associated with low-fat or skimmed milk consumption compared with whole milk intake. Clinical Nutrition.2021.

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