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PNAS:星形胶质细胞中的脑糖原维持大脑长时间运动所需的能量

2017-05-24 MedSci MedSci原创

这一发现揭示了脑内星形细胞中的糖原所产生的乳酸,是提供大脑长时间运动时的能量来源,并且脑糖原水平直接体现为大脑运动的耐力。维持星形细胞中的糖原不会被耗尽是大脑中保持ATP,避免大脑中神经元能量耗尽的防御机制。

存储在星形胶质细胞(astrocytes)中的脑糖原(glycogen)通过单羧酸转运蛋白(monocarboxylate transporters, MCTs)提供乳酸作为神经元细胞的能量来源,来维持神经元功能,例如受海马体调节的记忆形成。但是长时间的激烈脑运动会大量减少脑糖原,在长时间运动中的大脑脑糖原的减少和乳酸运输所起到的作用仍然不太清楚。类似的,已知肌肉糖原提供长时间运动肌肉所需的能源,星形胶质细胞中的糖原是否可以提供长时间运动的大脑的能量,并且通过乳酸运输来保持大脑运动的耐力,目前还不是很了解。

在最新上线的PNAS杂志中,Takashi Matsui及其同事证明了这个假设,星形胶质细胞中的糖原所产生的乳酸是维持大脑运动耐力的主要因素。在长时间运动后,肌肉中的糖原能够被耗尽,但此时脑中的糖原仅减少不会被耗尽。在长时间运动后,负责摄取乳酸的单羧酸转运蛋白,在神经和大脑中的表达量上升,就和其在肌肉中表达上升相似。使用质谱仪分析,在长时间运动后脑中代谢物的变化显示,脑内的能量ATP主要是由乳酸和其他糖原分解/糖酵解所产生,来维持脑运动。脑室内注射糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂:1,4-二脱氧-1,4-亚氨基-D-阿拉伯糖醇,不影响外周血的血糖指标,但是抑制脑内乳酸生成,并且在大脑长时间运动后减少海马(hippocampal)的ATP水平。使用另一种单羧酸转运蛋白MCT2抑制剂:α-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸酯,也会触发类似的反应,导致大脑发生较低的耐力及减弱长时间运动能力。

这一发现揭示了脑内星形细胞中的糖原所产生的乳酸,是提供大脑长时间运动时的能量来源,并且脑糖原水平直接体现为大脑运动的耐力。维持星形细胞中的糖原不会被耗尽是大脑中保持ATP,避免大脑中神经元能量耗尽的防御机制。

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    2017-07-12 drwjr
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    2017-05-25 130****4638

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

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    2017-05-25 meiliwuxian

    学习一下

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