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注意:这样灌肠很危险!

2017-06-12 纳洛酮 华医网

医院里,尤其是门急诊,医护人员会不时遇到被家属用轮椅推到门急诊大厅内的老年便秘患者,患者和家属迫切要求医护人员赶快给老人家灌肠,以尽快解除患者之便秘,缓解患者痛苦。遇到这种年老体弱、有强烈灌肠需求的患者,医护人员可不要小看了这一个简单的护理操作“灌肠”,一定要多加小心,谨慎行事。


医院里,尤其是门急诊,医护人员会不时遇到被家属用轮椅推到门急诊大厅内的老年便秘患者,患者和家属迫切要求医护人员赶快给老人家灌肠,以尽快解除患者之便秘,缓解患者痛苦。遇到这种年老体弱、有强烈灌肠需求的患者,医护人员可不要小看了这一个简单的护理操作“灌肠”,一定要多加小心,谨慎行事。

案例一:

某医院内x科收治了的一个“脑梗死”的老年患者,在住院期间,患者因“便秘”,管床医生开具“灌肠”医嘱。灌肠是医院里护士最基本不过的护理技术操作了,护士照例给患者准备温肥皂水,拟不保留灌肠,整个灌肠操作过程倒也没什么,像往常任何一次的灌肠操作一样,备齐用物、操作、拔管……

灌肠很快就顺利结束,护士麻利地收拾物品回到治疗室,正在整理用物,这边患者在家属的协助下,很快就憋不住了,上卫生间排便。谁知,患者排便用力,诱发心脏病,排便后在病房里突发“猝死”!后经医护人员抢救,患者终还是抢救无效,猝死在病房!

猝不及防的意外事件,患者家属根本不听医护人员的解释,很快纠集了一大群人,搬来冰棺,堵住医院大门,燃放鞭炮,殴打医护人员,非说是“护士灌肠把病人灌死了!”要求医院偿还人命,包赔损失,一帮子医闹围堵医院,连闹两天,医院为息事宁人,最终还是赔钱了事。

案例二:

患者,女,69岁,“肠梗阻”,医嘱:清洁灌肠,Bid。值班护士准备好相关用物去为患者灌肠,折腾了10多分钟,灌肠却失败:灌肠液边灌边出,不起一点作用。于是回头喊护士长一同前往,护士长戴手套用食指探探,却发现两处通道,问患者是不是有肛瘘?患者表示没有,家属也不知情。尝试肛管慢慢探索插入,试插几次却都受阻,根本灌不进去灌肠液。却见灌肠液中有血液流出。通知医生,医生进行检查,怀疑患者直肠癌。为进一步确诊转上级医院。

点评:老年人是护理操作中需要加护的特殊人群。在临床一线,医护人员不乏遇到这种大便干结多日(有的甚至10-15日之久)的老年卧床便秘患者。这种患者被便秘所困,甚是痛苦,要求迫切。

灌肠操作前,医生护士必须给患者做好初步评估,详细询问病史,在测量患者生命体征的同时,和医生交流了解该患者的病情,更要做好护患沟通,确保患者护理安全。

现在,由于有了这些前车之鉴,医护人员一听患者要来“灌肠”,患者又是个老年人,护士就会先给测量血压,值班医生在诊察室详细询问患者病史,接着给患者及家属开始了细致的医患沟通。从灌肠的目的、操作步骤、注意事项,对患者和家属的要求,告知灌肠的相关知识。

但是,许多患者家属就会很不耐烦:“在你们这儿灌肠也不知道咋那么费事!病人都憋了那么长时间了,你们快点给他灌灌肠解下来不就得了?!说这么多废话干啥!”

老年患者灌肠操作风险很大,容易诱发心脑血管疾病,为避免发生危险,该做到说到的都要跟你交待到,医护人员不仅要跟患者讲清楚,不把前期工作做好,绝不轻举妄动。

注意事项

1、做好护理评估   首先要确定老人的身体状况,评估患者的心肺功能,询问患者既往史,有无高血压和心脏病,如果有,就要特别注意,慎重行事。做好医患沟通,把灌肠给患者带来的安全隐患详细告知患者及家属。

2、选择合适的解除便秘方式  为老年人解除便秘,要考虑到老年患者的耐受能力。先别急着上去就采取灌肠的方式,可先给患者和家属讲明灌肠的风险,让患方先试行一些和缓的解除便秘方法。⊙可先让患者试行简易通便法:使用开塞露或甘油栓。⊙教会患者和家属使用戴手套取便法。

3、灌肠前先要做适当的体格检查   操作前,护士要给患者做好护理评估,询问患者病史,在测量患者生命体征的同时,建议患者做心电图检查。

4、签署知情同意书   为显示医护人员的慎重和重视,在决定灌肠操作前,要做告知,签署知情同意书。

5、选择适合的灌肠方式  在试行其他简易方法无效后,医生下达灌肠医嘱,护士要注意小心行事,不要把老年患者跟体检前的灌肠准备和外科术前清洁灌肠患者同等对待。

对这些老年患者,宜采取适宜的灌肠方法:⊙小量不保留灌肠法,如1,2,3甘油灌肠液法。必要时,可在耐心细致的观察下,小心地重复操作1-2次,中间让患者歇息,尽量多保留一会儿,以为患者解除便秘。⊙滴肛:使用输液的方式,慢滴速润肠,不要想着一下就能解决问题。

6、把握灌肠要点⊙ 选择合适的替代肛管,尽量减少对患者的恶性刺激。如一次性硅胶吸痰管、小儿硅胶胃管,尽量不给老年患者使用那种一次性灌肠袋上自带的又硬又粗的肛管。⊙掌握好灌肠液的量、温度、浓度、流速和压力。量不超过300ml,以100-200ml为宜。压力要低(液面不得超过肛门30cm),流量速度宜慢。

7、年老体弱者做好监护准备   对老年、体弱者灌肠时,应评估患者心肺功能后,操作过程中密切观察病情,做好监护,全程追踪。灌肠中随时观察病情,发现脉速、面色苍白、出冷汗、剧烈腹痛、心慌气急,应立即停止灌肠,并通知医生。

8、做好人文关怀  耐心呵护关爱患者,多做巡视。必要时并给予协助,准备好护理用物。

9、操作结束仍不能放松警惕  灌肠后,医护患仍不能放松警惕,灌肠后一定要叮嘱到位:嘱患者排便不能过度用力,以免加重心肺负担,护士随时注意患者的病情变化,以免发生危险。

10、老年患者常规加护  备好抢救物品,做好心理准备,及时做好对症救治,以防不测。

11、做好健康教育  对这种便秘患者,医护人员不要单想着为患者解除便秘一走了事,还要为患者做好相关的健康指导,如饮食、运动、按摩腹部等方面的注意事项。还可建议患者平时提前服用一些温和的中成药润肠通便药物,如麻仁润肠丸、槐角丸等,做到便秘的早干预、早预防,以免陷入被动局面。

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    2017-06-27 lofter

    学习了,感谢分享!

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215859, encodeId=f62a21585988, content=学习了,感谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C20CB8E4EBB36F5B821651C710BCB491/100, createdBy=18de1715848, createdName=lofter, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 07:36:16 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=211176, encodeId=d5162111e63d, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Jun 15 17:40:23 CST 2017, time=2017-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1419891, encodeId=42a61419891c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2fa066880b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#灌肠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66880, encryptionId=2fa066880b5, topicName=灌肠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05dc3540635, createdName=zchen, createdTime=Wed Jun 14 07:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=210203, encodeId=242b2102035f, content=看样以后多多注意, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Tue Jun 13 12:15:24 CST 2017, time=2017-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=209918, encodeId=19c12099188b, content=护理操作顺慎重,问病史, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4aQ9o3mwLf8g71RU8wyNNNCPdJSZhENIsqBjKUicL8BJXLqL2NMl0MlhjIRlv5Bpg0M3UZKuDlwhwLH8B3v2yNy/0, createdBy=11a82069421, createdName=136****3321, createdTime=Mon Jun 12 19:40:50 CST 2017, time=2017-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-15 thlabcde

    好东西学习了!

    0

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    2017-06-14 zchen
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215859, encodeId=f62a21585988, content=学习了,感谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C20CB8E4EBB36F5B821651C710BCB491/100, createdBy=18de1715848, createdName=lofter, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 07:36:16 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=211176, encodeId=d5162111e63d, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Jun 15 17:40:23 CST 2017, time=2017-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1419891, encodeId=42a61419891c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2fa066880b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#灌肠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66880, encryptionId=2fa066880b5, topicName=灌肠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05dc3540635, createdName=zchen, createdTime=Wed Jun 14 07:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=210203, encodeId=242b2102035f, content=看样以后多多注意, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Tue Jun 13 12:15:24 CST 2017, time=2017-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=209918, encodeId=19c12099188b, content=护理操作顺慎重,问病史, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4aQ9o3mwLf8g71RU8wyNNNCPdJSZhENIsqBjKUicL8BJXLqL2NMl0MlhjIRlv5Bpg0M3UZKuDlwhwLH8B3v2yNy/0, createdBy=11a82069421, createdName=136****3321, createdTime=Mon Jun 12 19:40:50 CST 2017, time=2017-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-13 flysky120

    看样以后多多注意

    0

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    2017-06-12 136****3321

    护理操作顺慎重,问病史

    0

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