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Nat Metab:“跨界神药”二甲双胍能减肥,原来和它有关!

2019-12-11 Walter 转化医学网

导 语:二甲双胍是世界上使用最广泛的药物之一,主要用于2型糖尿病治疗。除了降血糖的作用,研究逐渐证实二甲双胍在衰老、认知障碍、癌症和心血管疾病的治疗中扮演重要角色。二甲双胍“跨界神药”的地位日渐巩固,但其广泛作用的背后机制尚不为人知。

导 语:二甲双胍是世界上使用最广泛的药物之一,主要用于2型糖尿病治疗。除了降血糖的作用,研究逐渐证实二甲双胍在衰老、认知障碍、癌症和心血管疾病的治疗中扮演重要角色。二甲双胍“跨界神药”的地位日渐巩固,但其广泛作用的背后机制尚不为人知。

近日,加拿大麦克马斯特大学代谢中心的Gregory R. Steinberg课题组发现二甲双胍引起的食欲降低和体重减轻与生长分化因子15(GDF15)的转录和分泌增加有关。研究者解释了二甲双胍用作减肥药物的可能机制,并掀起揭示二甲双胍作用于其他相关疾病的临床实验热潮。这些结果12月9日发表在《Nature Metabolism》上。



二甲双胍降血糖的机制目前已得到解析,主要通过磷酸化APK激酶和抑制乙酰辅酶A来提高胰岛素敏感性,改变肠道微生物组并刺激胰高血糖样肽释放。研究表明,二甲双胍使2型糖尿病病人和正常人体重减轻,通过抑制食欲,减少热量摄入,而几乎不增加能量消耗,其背后机制尚不清楚。

二甲双胍在生理pH条件下以阳离子态存在,不能透过细胞膜。临床口服剂量(250-300 mg/ kg)下,二甲双胍在肝脏中富集浓度可达40-1000 M,而血浆浓度仅为10-15 M。因此,作者推测二甲双胍可能通过增加肝细胞内分泌因子的生成,促进与中枢神经系统的交互,从而产生减轻体重的作用。

首先,研究者对二甲双胍给药组小鼠原代肝细胞进行转录组学分析,发现55种分泌蛋白的基因表达较对照组改变。为了确定临床相关性,将以上蛋白与二甲双胍治疗的2型糖尿病病人血清中的蛋白进行比对,发现生长分化因子15(growth differentiating factor, GDF15)的上调最为显著。

GDF15是转化生长因子β(TGF-β)超家族的成员,在肝脏中高表达。最近的研究表明,重组GDF15与脑干中的GDNF受体相互作用,抑制食欲并促进体重减轻。在服用二甲双胍2型糖尿病患者中观察到血清中GDF15含量与体重减轻成正相关。


二甲双胍增加GDF15表达,并与2型糖尿病患者用药后体重下降有关

接着,研究者在小鼠原代肝细胞中进行体外给药实验。二甲双胍使GDF15的表达增加55%,结构相似的苯甲双胍和丁双胍也增加了肝细胞中GDF15的分泌。同时,作者证明二甲双胍引起GDF15释放与AMPK的激活无关,即与降血糖作用机制分别为两条通路。

此前有文献报道,GDF15的上游为应激调控的CHOP和ATF4。研究者使用siRNA对ATF4进行敲减后,二甲双胍处理引起肝细胞GDF15释放相对减少,说明二甲双胍通过调控ATF4和CHOP增加肝细胞GDF15的分泌。


二甲双胍调控应激通路增加肝细胞GDF15的分泌

进而,研究者发现在GDF15 基因敲除的小鼠中给予高脂饲料以及临床治疗剂量的二甲双胍,与相同处理的野生型小鼠相比,GDF-KO小鼠无法产生GDF15的上调,也不产生食欲降低和体重减轻的情况,证明GDF15蛋白对于二甲双胍减轻体重的必要性。


二甲双胍通过GFD15 减少高脂喂养小鼠的食物摄入

Gregory R. Steinberg等阐明二甲双胍通过上调肝细胞分泌的GDF15,从而抑制食欲并减轻体重,这是由ATF4应激通路介导的,而非二甲双胍降糖通路的继发作用。研究结果提示二甲双胍在肥胖人群中的潜在临床应用价值,为解析“神药”广泛的临床适用性提供重要借鉴!

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    2019-12-19 一闲
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    2019-12-21 guojianrong
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896589, encodeId=b5961896589ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Thu Dec 19 07:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797874, encodeId=370b1e97874c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27262399169' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23991, encryptionId=27262399169, topicName=二甲双胍能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=263b421, createdName=zhaozuguo, createdTime=Thu May 28 07:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888096, encodeId=e5b7188809662, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Dec 21 23:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884043, encodeId=0cc21884043a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun May 24 00:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376866, encodeId=13173e686665, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK83Truj8NUgr5VYUNTe7l5Etf3AUFceibcFt9t5vmbcM5jv0udUW2sQlPFF7movto7JJ7GXMKNh5A/132, createdBy=8f6b5243615, createdName=dong8372, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:43:26 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376839, encodeId=01cc3e683915, content=与长寿有关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 19:36:34 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041500, encodeId=8a441041500b9, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 18:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048290, encodeId=103b104829031, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 18:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-05-24 liye789132251
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896589, encodeId=b5961896589ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Thu Dec 19 07:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797874, encodeId=370b1e97874c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27262399169' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23991, encryptionId=27262399169, topicName=二甲双胍能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=263b421, createdName=zhaozuguo, createdTime=Thu May 28 07:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888096, encodeId=e5b7188809662, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Dec 21 23:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884043, encodeId=0cc21884043a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun May 24 00:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376866, encodeId=13173e686665, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK83Truj8NUgr5VYUNTe7l5Etf3AUFceibcFt9t5vmbcM5jv0udUW2sQlPFF7movto7JJ7GXMKNh5A/132, createdBy=8f6b5243615, createdName=dong8372, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:43:26 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376839, encodeId=01cc3e683915, content=与长寿有关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 19:36:34 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041500, encodeId=8a441041500b9, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 18:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048290, encodeId=103b104829031, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 18:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-12 dong8372

    很好

    0

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    2019-12-11 lovetcm

    与长寿有关

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896589, encodeId=b5961896589ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Thu Dec 19 07:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797874, encodeId=370b1e97874c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27262399169' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23991, encryptionId=27262399169, topicName=二甲双胍能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=263b421, createdName=zhaozuguo, createdTime=Thu May 28 07:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888096, encodeId=e5b7188809662, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Dec 21 23:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884043, encodeId=0cc21884043a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun May 24 00:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376866, encodeId=13173e686665, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK83Truj8NUgr5VYUNTe7l5Etf3AUFceibcFt9t5vmbcM5jv0udUW2sQlPFF7movto7JJ7GXMKNh5A/132, createdBy=8f6b5243615, createdName=dong8372, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:43:26 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376839, encodeId=01cc3e683915, content=与长寿有关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 19:36:34 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041500, encodeId=8a441041500b9, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 18:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048290, encodeId=103b104829031, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 18:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-11 misszhang

    二甲双胍,神药!

    0

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    2019-12-11 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

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