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Psychol Sci:患有自闭症的成年人,会做出更一致的选择

2017-06-27 白木清水 来宝网

患有自闭症谱系障碍的人(ASC)通常在感知任务中表现出对上下文信息的敏感度降低,但新的研究表明,这种降低的敏感性实际上可能会,导致在高水平决策任务中做出更一致的选择。



患有自闭症谱系障碍的人(ASC)通常在感知任务中表现出对上下文信息的敏感度降低,但新的研究表明,这种降低的敏感性实际上可能会,导致在高水平决策任务中做出更一致的选择。

这一发现发表在心理科学协会的心理科学杂志上,该研究表明,与没有ASC的个体相比,在评估和选择“最佳”产品时,有ASC的个体更不易受到诱骗选项的影响。

患有自闭症的人在他们的选择上确实比一般的人更一致。从经济学的角度来看,这表明自闭症患者更理性,不太可能受到选择方式的影响。”剑桥大学的心理学研究员George Farmer说。

尽管许多研究都将个体与ASC和神经正常的个体的表现进行了比较,但剑桥大学的William J.Skylark和西蒙巴龙-科恩却发现,相对较少的研究已经检验了他们在决策领域的表现。

“自闭症患者被认为更关注细节,而不是考虑太多——在更感性的研究中发现,例如,通过展示自闭症患者不易受到某些视觉错觉的影响,我们想知道这种趋势是否适用于更高层的决策任务。”

研究人员招募了90名ASC和212名正常成年人参加在线决策研究。 研究人员使用10对产品,每对中的产品在两个方面有差异。重要的是,这对人总是作为三人组合的一部分,其中包括第三个诱饵项目。

在一种情况下,参与者每次看到两种情况,附带的诱饵被设计成针对产品A;在另一种情况下,它被设计成针对产品B的目标。参与者指出了在三种情况下的“最佳”选项。

例如,参与者可能被要求根据他们的能力和寿命来选择三个USB驱动器中的一个。产品A的容量为32 GB,寿命为20个月,而产品B的容量更小(16 GB),但更长的寿命(36个月)。该诱饵的容量为28 GB,寿命为16个月,其客观上比a要差,因此应该被忽略。

参与者还完成了评估认知能力方面的措施,以及评估与ASC相关的特征。

在纯粹理性的经济决策过程中,诱饵项目是不相关的,参与者也会在产品A和B的情况下做出相同的选择。然而,如果诱饵是有效的,当诱饵改变时,参与者就会改变选择,倾向于每三组中诱饵的目标。在上面的例子中,人们更倾向于选择带有诱饵的产品,而不是简单地将产品A和b进行比较。

数据显示,与参与者相比,ASC的参与者做出了更一致的选择,选择的范围更少。

在第二个实验中,研究人员招募了来自普通人群的参与者,他们只对那些在与自闭症相关的典型特征中得分的人进行同样的测试。他们的研究结果显示了与第一个实验相似模式:与得分低的参与者相比,那些在自闭症特征上得分较高的参与者更有可能做出一致的选择。

总之,研究结果表明,患有自闭症的人不太可能表现出认知倾向,而这种偏见往往会影响他们的正常同龄人。

研究人员在论文中写道:“在传统经济学理论中,一致性被认为是规范性的,因此减少的环境敏感性将提供一个新的证明,即自闭症并非完全是一种“残疾”。

这些发现表明,自闭症患者可能不那么容易受到信息呈现给他们的选择的影响

研究结果还表明,对与ASC有关的环境的敏感性降低可能远远超出了低层次的认知过程,从而揭示了“自闭症认知”的本质,研究者们认为:

他们总结道:“在一项涉及口头描述的消费者产品的选择任务中,改变了偏好,这就意味着需要更广泛的特征描述,并在不同的层次和领域进行综合推理。”

原始出处:

George D. Farmer, Simon Baron-Cohen and William J. Skylark. People With Autism Spectrum Conditions Make More Consistent Decisions. George D. Farmer et al, People With Autism Spectrum Conditions Make More Consistent Decisions. Psychological Science (2017). DOI: 10.1177/0956797617694867.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527668, encodeId=733c152e6684a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 10:13:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216313, encodeId=d2db2163135b, content=学习了,有收获,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 11:29:19 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216153, encodeId=b9bf2161538c, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 06:22:34 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216102, encodeId=1bf3216102dd, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 22:37:57 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216072, encodeId=5e802160e2bf, content=通过展示自闭症患者不易受到某些视觉错觉的影响,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 27 20:19:36 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216069, encodeId=7252216069cb, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQplCaQGBmjHytXQqvsuocO2uV2lOAaJibzDafJudKToVfU12LzwArHDb4TSrmU2hk5Qxzc6icoicBK3Dg/0, createdBy=a7901968505, createdName=明心见性, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 20:05:27 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-29 xiongke014
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527668, encodeId=733c152e6684a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 10:13:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216313, encodeId=d2db2163135b, content=学习了,有收获,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 11:29:19 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216153, encodeId=b9bf2161538c, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 06:22:34 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216102, encodeId=1bf3216102dd, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 22:37:57 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216072, encodeId=5e802160e2bf, content=通过展示自闭症患者不易受到某些视觉错觉的影响,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 27 20:19:36 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216069, encodeId=7252216069cb, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQplCaQGBmjHytXQqvsuocO2uV2lOAaJibzDafJudKToVfU12LzwArHDb4TSrmU2hk5Qxzc6icoicBK3Dg/0, createdBy=a7901968505, createdName=明心见性, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 20:05:27 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-28 清风拂面

    学习了,有收获,谢谢

    0

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    2017-06-28 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-06-27 thlabcde

    好东西学习了!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527668, encodeId=733c152e6684a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 10:13:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216313, encodeId=d2db2163135b, content=学习了,有收获,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 11:29:19 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216153, encodeId=b9bf2161538c, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 06:22:34 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216102, encodeId=1bf3216102dd, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 22:37:57 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216072, encodeId=5e802160e2bf, content=通过展示自闭症患者不易受到某些视觉错觉的影响,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 27 20:19:36 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216069, encodeId=7252216069cb, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQplCaQGBmjHytXQqvsuocO2uV2lOAaJibzDafJudKToVfU12LzwArHDb4TSrmU2hk5Qxzc6icoicBK3Dg/0, createdBy=a7901968505, createdName=明心见性, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 20:05:27 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-27 1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称)

    通过展示自闭症患者不易受到某些视觉错觉的影响,

    0

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    2017-06-27 明心见性

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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