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JCO:ASCO更新癌症患者静脉血栓栓塞防治指南

2013-11-05 MedSci MedSci原创

美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)近期更新癌症患者静脉血栓栓塞防治指南,认为“告知癌症患者其为静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)高危人群”是非常关键的事情,癌症患 者在接受化疗时即应进行VTE 风险评估。然而,指南并不建议门诊癌症患者常规预防性应用抗凝药物。 此次指南更新基于专家组对42项相关研究的回顾分析结果。专家组指出,分别于2010年和2011年发表的两项研究表明,近50%的癌症患者并不知晓其为

美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)近期更新癌症患者静脉血栓栓塞防治指南,认为“告知癌症患者其为静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)高危人群”是非常关键的事情,癌症患 者在接受化疗时即应进行VTE 风险评估。然而,指南并不建议门诊癌症患者常规预防性应用抗凝药物。

此次指南更新基于专家组对42项相关研究的回顾分析结果。专家组指出,分别于2010年和2011年发表的两项研究表明,近50%的癌症患者并不知晓其为 VTE高风险人群。因此,新指南建议,肿瘤科医务人员均应将这一风险告知癌症患者,至少确保让患者基本了解有警示意义的VTE症状和体征。
对于VTE高危癌症患者,指南建议根据风险尝试预防性应用口服抗凝药物,但并不建议门诊癌症患者常规抗栓。专家组指出,即便2007年以来2项大型临床研 究证实预防性抗栓有益,新指南并未修改这一建议。于2008年发表的PROTECHT研究提示,与安慰剂组相比,那屈肝素组的症状性VTE 和动脉血栓栓塞事件风险明显降低。于去年公布的SAVE-ONCO研究也提示,癌症患者预防性应用超低分子量肝素semuloparin也能减少症状性 VTE事件。然而,专家认为这两项研究证据并不充分。因为未经选择的癌症患者发生VTE的风险相对较低,预防性抗栓也仅将风险从3%左右降低一半。而且, 这一措施并未改善生存率。
例外的是,对于接受沙利度胺或来那度胺和(或)地塞米松治疗的多发性骨髓瘤患者,指南建议高危患者常规预防性应用低分子量肝素,低危患者可考虑应用低分子 量肝素或阿司匹林。专家组指出,多发性骨髓瘤患者发生VTE的风险达10%~30%,而应用沙利度胺、来那度胺等抗血管生成药物可推高这一风险。
新指南重申,大多数住院和接受大手术的癌症患者仍应接受预防性抗栓治疗。对于住院和行大手术的患者,指南推荐应用普通肝素、低分子量肝素(包括达肝素和依 诺肝素等)或Ⅹa因子抑制剂磺达肝癸钠。手术患者应在术前开始抗凝,术后至少持续抗凝7~10 d,高风险患者最长可抗凝4 周。对于已经发生VTE的癌症患者,指南除建议应用上述药物外,还推荐了亭扎肝素(tinzaparin);此类患者长期抗凝可选择达肝素、依诺肝素、亭 扎肝素或华法林。
至于达比加群酯、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班等新型口服抗凝药物,专家们认为,这些药物相关的研究很少纳入癌症患者,因此新指南并未作出相应建议。

原始出处:

Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Lee AY, Arcelus JI, Balaban EP, Clarke JM, Flowers CR, Francis CW, Gates LE, Kakkar AK, Key NS, Levine MN, Liebman HA, Tempero MA, Wong SL, Prestrud AA, Falanga A. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update.J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jun 10;31(17):2189-204.

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    2014-01-28 lidong40
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    2013-12-22 fusion
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    2014-01-06 xue8602
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    2014-01-04 quxin068
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2013年7月13日下午,BOA2013大会临近尾声。会务组邀请沈琳教授、陆舜教授、江泽飞教授及李进教授在这一时段为与会者分享了胃癌、非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌及肠癌的治疗策略。首先出场的沈琳教授回顾了过往一年临床胃癌领域取得的主要进展及其对临床实践的影响。在她看来2013年是胃癌研究的“小年”。目前取得的研究结果没有明显改变现有的规范和指南。不过,其潜在影响却很大。沈教授尤其强调了胃癌异质性给治疗带来

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通过基因分析,Lehmann等的研究结果指出(J Clin Invest 121:2750-2767, 2011)三阴性乳腺癌能够被分为6个集群——基底细胞样1(BL1)、基底细胞样2(BL2)、免疫调节(IM)、间充质样细胞(M)、间充质样干细胞(MSL)和管样雄激素受体(LAR),以及不稳定的集群(UNS)。目前已知三阴性乳腺癌患者对化疗的治疗反应各不相同,但是不同亚型的三阴性乳腺癌患者和其对

ASCO 2013:贝伐珠单抗一线治疗无益于胶质瘤患者生存

一项双盲、安慰剂对照Ⅲ期试验结果显示,在胶质母细胞瘤一线放疗及替莫唑胺治疗的基础上加用贝伐珠单抗,并不能延长患者的生存期。放射治疗肿瘤学组(RTOG)0825研究显示贝伐珠单抗(阿瓦斯汀)可延长无进展生存期,但未能改善总生存期,而且这种血管生成抑制剂与更糟糕的神经认知和生活质量结局相关。 在美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)2013年会上,Mark R. Gilbert医生报告称,在随机分组接受治疗的

ASCO 2013:多柔比星联合环磷酰胺对早期乳腺癌患者的疗效优于紫杉醇

在对早期乳腺癌患者制定最佳辅助化疗方案时的主要决定因素是治疗方案的有效性和毒性反应。Lawrence N. Shulman等认为紫杉醇单药治疗的毒性反应要小于多柔比星联合环磷酰胺,为了确定这两种方案对早期乳腺患者的有效性是否一致,他们进行了研究并在ASCO2013上发表了他们的研究结果。 本研究为2*2的析因研究,研究所纳入的受试者为可经手术治疗的乳腺癌患者,并且其腋淋巴结阳性数在0-3之间

ASCO 2013:临床癌症研究仍需各方支持

芝加哥消息—当前可谓是医学研究取得进步的绝佳时机,在临床癌症研究向现代化迈进过程中也取得了重大进展。然而,一个专家小组却发出警告称,由于近期美国联邦预算削减,这些研究进展有停滞不前之虞。 尽管私营机构为大量研究提供了赞助,但有专家组强调指出,必须通过由公共部门支持的癌症临床试验,才能确保患者和社会取得最大获益。该专家组在美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)2013年年会开幕之际的新闻简报会上指出,尽管在

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