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芳香酶抑制剂新辅助治疗可降低乳房切除率

2012-04-10 卢秀玲 爱唯医学网

       对临床试验的分析表明,芳香酶抑制剂(AI)新辅助治疗可以使计划接受乳房切除术的绝经后女性患者的较大且分泌功能旺盛的乳腺癌体积缩小,其中又以阿那曲唑的疗效最强。 John A. Olson Jr.博士          主要作者、马里兰大学普通外科与肿瘤外科主任John A. O

       对临床试验的分析表明,芳香酶抑制剂(AI)新辅助治疗可以使计划接受乳房切除术的绝经后女性患者的较大且分泌功能旺盛的乳腺癌体积缩小,其中又以阿那曲唑的疗效最强。

John A. Olson Jr.博士
John A. Olson Jr.博士          主要作者、马里兰大学普通外科与肿瘤外科主任John A. Olson Jr.博士在由肿瘤外科学会(SSO)主办的一场研讨会上报告,一半以上的女性可接受成功的保乳手术,根据肿瘤分期和所用AI的不同,手术转换率为25%~70.4%不等。 “虽然缺乏随机临床试验,但我们认为对于经过选择的、要求接受保乳手术的女性患者,有理由考虑新辅助内分泌治疗。”          这项名为Z1031的临床试验是由美国外科学会肿瘤组(ACOSOG)开展的Ⅲ期研究,随机入组了377例Ⅱ期或Ⅲ期雌激素受体(ER)阳性乳腺癌患者,其中163例患者被视为不能手术或计划接受乳房切除术。同时也招募有任何淋巴结受累但无转移、无>2 cm的可触及肿瘤的T2~T4c初治患者。受试者接受16~18周的新辅助治疗,药物为依西美坦25 mg/d,或来曲唑2.5 mg/d,或阿那曲唑1 mg/d。手术后,如果条件许可就继续给予AI治疗,并由主管医生决定是否给予辅助放疗和化疗。受试者对AI新辅助治疗的总体临床肿瘤应答率为69%(258/374)。          结果显示,在所有最初被认为不能手术或应接受乳房切除术的患者中,依西美坦组43.1%的患者可接受保乳手术,来曲唑组为43.1%,阿那曲唑组为64.7%。各种AI之间的差异未达到显著性,但研究者指出,这项研究没有足够效力评价某种手术类型中的不同药物之间的差异是否具有显著性。          AI治疗结束时,原本被认为不能手术或应接受乳房切除术的163例患者中,91例(56%)被认为适宜接受保乳手术。其余72例患者接受乳房切除术。在AI治疗后接受保乳手术的患者中,1/3需要接受额外手术以确保切缘阴性。在计划接受保乳手术的患者中,11例最终接受了乳房切除术,总体乳房切除术-保乳手术转换率为51%。而在仍被认为需要接受乳房切除术的患者中,有4例(5%)最终接受了保乳手术。          在治疗前就被认为可以接受保乳手术的189例患者中,17例在AI治疗后被建议接受乳房切除术,其中16例接受了这一建议,而1例患者仍选择行保乳手术。在被建议转换术式的172例患者中,16例接受了乳房切除术,156例按照建议接受了保乳手术。共有64例(37%)患者需要再次切除以确保切缘阴性。          根据药物和肿瘤亚型进行更深入分析,研究者发现,接受依西美坦或阿那曲唑治疗的T2期患者中,70.4%成功转为保乳手术,而接受来曲唑治疗的患者为55.2%。T3期患者中,接受依西美坦治疗者25%接受了保乳手术,而来曲唑组和阿那曲唑组分别为28.6%和60%。更高分期肿瘤(t4a~c)患者中,依西美坦组的手术转换率为28.6%,来曲唑组和阿那曲唑组分别为37.5%和50%。          多因素分析显示,可显著预测转为保乳手术的因素包括:临床T2期肿瘤[(比值比(OR),2.11;P=0.0364)]和肿瘤较小(术前最大直径<2.0 cm与≥5.1 cm相比;OR,4.03;P=0.006)。肿瘤直径介于2.1~5.0 cm有差异趋势但未达到显著性。“重要的是,没有任何肿瘤特征或临床因素可预测术式变化。这表明肿瘤对AI的生物学应答是最终术式选择的决定因素。”          接受乳房切除术者的术后1期肿瘤总发生率为24.3%,而接受保乳手术者为44.8%,差异未达到显著性。“AI治疗后的1期肿瘤发生率相对较高,提示Ⅱ期或Ⅲ期肿瘤患者群的临床分期明显下降。不过,乳房切除术后1期肿瘤发生率仍较高,提示AI新辅助治疗患者的术前分期仍有改进空间。”          这项研究获得了美国国立卫生研究院、乳腺癌研究基金会、辉瑞、阿斯利康和诺华的支持。Olson博士报告称无相关利益冲突。 

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