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AIM:荟萃分析显示亚临床甲亢可增加冠心病死亡和房颤风险

2012-04-27 爱唯医学网 爱唯医学网

4月23日,《内科学文献》(Archives of Internal Medicine)发表的一项研究显示,内源性亚临床甲状腺功能亢进可增加冠心病死亡、全因死亡和房颤风险。瑞士洛桑大学非卧床护理和社区医学系的Tinh-Hai Collet医生及其合作者报告,在促甲状腺素水平最低(<0.10 mIU/L)的患者中,风险增高最为显著。 长期以来,研究者一直怀疑亚临床甲状腺功能亢进与不良心血管效

4月23日,《内科学文献》(Archives of Internal Medicine)发表的一项研究显示,内源性亚临床甲状腺功能亢进可增加冠心病死亡、全因死亡和房颤风险。瑞士洛桑大学非卧床护理和社区医学系的Tinh-Hai Collet医生及其合作者报告,在促甲状腺素水平最低(<0.10 mIU/L)的患者中,风险增高最为显著。

长期以来,研究者一直怀疑亚临床甲状腺功能亢进与不良心血管效应之间存在关联,但前瞻性队列研究和研究水平的Meta分析得出的结论相互矛盾。

Collet医生及其同事针对这一问题,进行了一项患者水平的Meta分析,假设评估来自大型队列研究的受试者数据可能解决这一问题。研究者纳入了文献检索得出的所有报告基线促甲状腺素和游离甲状腺素水平(包括甲状腺功能正常的对照组)并对冠心病和死亡结局进行特定追踪的10个前瞻性纵向队列。排除使用第一代促甲状腺素分析的研究,因为这种检测对于亚临床甲状腺功能亢进的敏感性不足。10个队列共包括52,674例患者,中位年龄为59岁。中位随访时间为8.8年,总共随访501,922患者-年。其中共有2,188例患者 (4.2%)存在内源性亚临床甲状腺功能亢进。

结果显示,随访期间共有8,527例患者死亡,其中包括1,896例冠心病死亡、3,653起冠心病事件和785例偶发房颤。相对于甲状腺功能正常的对照患者,亚临床甲状腺功能亢进患者全因死亡的总危险比(HR)为1.24,冠心病死亡HR为1.29,冠心病事件HR为1.21,偶发房颤HR为1.68。在促甲状腺素水平极低的患者中,冠心病死亡和房颤发生率均显著较高,而其他预后指标无相似变化。当根据患者年龄或既往是否有心血管疾病病史对数据进行分析时,风险增高无实质变化。在敏感性分析中结果亦无变化,即使校正体重指数和降脂或降压药物的使用之后,结果仍保持一致。但亚临床甲状腺功能亢进患者的癌症死亡和卒中死亡风险并不高于对照患者。

研究者总结认为,基于受试者个体数据,亚临床甲状腺功能亢进确实与总死亡和冠心病死亡风险增高相关。

  ■ 同期述评

  应对亚临床甲亢患者进行治疗
——美国乔治敦大学 伯尔曼(Burman)

  该研究证实了既往观察性研究的结果。该研究的优势在于排除了那些服用可影响甲状腺功能药物的研究对象,并使用了第一代TSH超敏检测方法;其局限性在于未对心血管事件进行严格独立评估,未对总三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)及游离T3定期检测,且仅依靠原始研究所收集的数据。

  鉴于亚临床甲亢的潜在不良反应,当患者TSH降低、FT4正常时,应进行哪些评估?答案是应详细地进行病史询问和体格检查,取得临床、影像学(如甲状腺超声、放射性碘摄取扫描、骨密度和心电图)和实验室(如全血细胞计数、FT4、游离T3/总T3、TSH,必要时可检测甲状腺抗体和甲状腺刺激免疫球蛋白)结果,以评估可能病因及潜在不良反应。

  最新指南认为,TSH持续≤0.10 mIU/L时,强烈建议对以下患者进行治疗:年龄≥65岁;未服用雌激素或双膦酸盐的绝经后女性;合并心脏病、骨质疏松症或有心脏危险因素;有甲亢症状。TSH持续低于正常范围下限但≥0.10 mIU/L时,年龄≥65岁、合并心脏病或有甲亢症状的患者须接受治疗。

  治疗方法包括抗甲状腺药物、放射性碘和手术。实践中尚不明确他巴唑是否为治疗亚临床甲亢的最佳方法。一般情况下,对轻度亚临床甲亢老年患者,常给予定期监测的低剂量他巴唑治疗。

  总之,尽管未行不同年龄组治疗益处的长期对照研究,但在新数据出现前,该研究为治疗亚临床甲亢提供了充足证据(对伴心脏风险、甲亢症状和骨质疏松症的老年患者尤其如此)。

相关研究AIM:治疗亚临床甲减同时能降低心脏病发病率

doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.402
PMC:

PMID:

Subclinical Hyperthyroidism and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality

Tinh-Hai Collet, MD; Jacobijn Gussekloo, MD, PhD; Douglas C. Bauer, MD; Wendy P. J. den Elzen, PhD; Anne R. Cappola, MD, ScM; Philippe Balmer, BSc; Giorgio Iervasi, MD; Bj?rn O. ?svold, MD, PhD; José A. Sgarbi, MD; Henry V?lzke, MD; Bari Gencer, MD; Rui M. B. Maciel, MD; Sabrina Molinaro, PhD; Alexandra Bremner, PhD; Robert N. Luben, PhD; Patrick Maisonneuve, Ing; Jacques Cornuz, MD, MPH; Anne B. Newman, MD, MPH; Kay-Tee Khaw, MD; Rudi G. J. Westendorp, MD, PhD; Jayne A. Franklyn, MD, PhD, FRCP, FMedSci; Eric Vittinghoff, PhD; John P. Walsh, MBBS, FRACP, PhD; Nicolas Rodondi, MD, MAS; for the Thyroid Studies Collaboration

Background  Data from prospective cohort studies regarding the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and cardiovascular outcomes are conflicting. We aimed to assess the risks of total and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, CHD events, and atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism among all available large prospective cohorts.

Methods  Individual data on 52 674 participants were pooled from 10 cohorts. Coronary heart disease events were analyzed in 22 437 participants from 6 cohorts with available data, and incident AF was analyzed in 8711 participants from 5 cohorts. Euthyroidism was defined as thyrotropin level between 0.45 and 4.49 mIU/L and endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism as thyrotropin level lower than 0.45 mIU/L with normal free thyroxine levels, after excluding those receiving thyroid-altering medications.

Results  Of 52 674 participants, 2188 (4.2%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. During follow-up, 8527 participants died (including 1896 from CHD), 3653 of 22 437 had CHD events, and 785 of 8711 developed AF. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, subclinical hyperthyroidism was associated with increased total mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24, 95% CI, 1.06-1.46), CHD mortality (HR, 1.29, 95% CI, 1.02-1.62), CHD events (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.99-1.46), and AF (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.16-2.43). Risks did not differ significantly by age, sex, or preexisting cardiovascular disease and were similar after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, with attributable risk of 14.5% for total mortality to 41.5% for AF in those with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Risks for CHD mortality and AF (but not other outcomes) were higher for thyrotropin level lower than 0.10 compared with thyrotropin level between 0.10 and 0.44 mIU/L (for both, P value for trend, .03).

Conclusions  Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with increased risks of total, CHD mortality, and incident AF, with highest risks of CHD mortality and AF when thyrotropin level is lower than 0.10 mIU/L.

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