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胃病难治,怎么办?——胃糜烂治疗不彻底,反复上腹痛

2018-12-14 王伯军大夫谈消化 王伯军

患者反复上腹不适、隐痛半年余,胃镜示糜烂性胃炎,病理轻度不典型增生,幽门螺杆菌阳性。曾根除幽门螺杆菌失败,两次治疗,服药期间好转,停药不久又复发。胃病难治,怎么办?

患者反复上腹不适、隐痛半年余,镜示糜烂性炎,病理轻度不典型增生,幽门螺杆菌阳性。曾根除幽门螺杆菌失败,两次治疗,服药期间好转,停药不久又复发。胃病难治,怎么办?

病 例

患者男性,36岁,间断性上腹不适、隐痛半年余。

今年3月体检指标未见异常,7月做胃镜示:胃糜烂?性质待病理,病理示少数腺体呈轻度不典型增生,13C呼气试验幽门螺杆菌阳性。

治疗经过:埃索美拉唑+枸橼酸铋钾+替硝唑+克林霉素四联方案两周杀菌,继续服埃索美拉唑和胃黏膜保护剂四周后停药一个月。用药期间无不适,停药后,又有上腹疼痛、烧心,饥饿感很强。口臭明显,曾经以为是智齿问题,根除幽门螺杆菌治疗结束后,口臭好转很多。10月复查幽门螺杆菌14C呼气试验仍阳性,因为刚根除治疗一次,医生说待半年后再复查,给予铝碳酸镁片和国产雷贝拉唑钠肠溶片,服药两周,烧心好转,但上腹还有不适、隐痛。

问:胃病难治,怎么治疗?

分 析

糜烂性胃炎诊断明确,主要是问题是:治疗不够彻底,导致病情复发。

胃镜显示胃角、胃体有糜烂灶;病理示糜烂,轻度不典型增生,因此糜烂性胃炎肯定。幽门螺杆菌阳性,显示是幽门螺杆菌相关的胃炎,即胃糜烂主要由幽门螺杆菌感染引起的,幽门螺杆菌未根除,单纯抑酸、护胃不能使其彻底好转。

而且患者的两次治疗,疗程均不够长,糜烂尚未完全愈合就停药,再在幽门螺杆菌的作用下病情很快复发。如果疗程足够,虽然幽门螺杆菌未根除,病情也可缓解一段时间的。糜烂性胃炎的治疗需2个月以上,治疗不彻底就会很快复发。

病理示轻度不典型增生,这是胃癌前病变。不典型增生分为轻、中、重度,重度不典型增生依日本标准就是早期胃癌了。据研究胃黏膜剥离术治疗后的病人,少数轻度不典型增生病人中也存在早期胃癌。必须重视!至少半年复查一次胃镜。但在糜烂处的不典型增有时可能不是真正不典型增生,也就是说有可能因细胞炎症糜烂而引起的异变,经过治疗后能好转。

患者的上腹疼痛、烧心、易饿都是胃酸引起的,胃酸对糜烂面的刺激所致,因胃酸过多可引起嘈杂样不适,这就是饥饿感。埃索美拉唑和雷贝拉唑都属于质子泵抑制剂,理论上应该疗效相当,但是为什么换用雷贝拉唑没有效果,原因可能与不同厂家药物的制剂差异有关。聚普瑞酮、铝碳酸镁都是胃黏膜保护剂可促进糜烂修复。

患者的口臭是智齿发炎所致,服用药物中包含替硝唑,替硝唑有杀灭厌氧菌的作用,所以服药后口臭改善,但是智齿根本原因未解决,停药后又会发炎,重新出现口臭。

枸橼酸铋钾、克拉霉素、替硝唑加上埃索美拉唑是标准四联疗法,疗程2周也符合共识推荐,但目前幽门螺杆菌对克拉霉素、替硝唑耐药率很高,对替硝唑耐药率高达80%以上,对克拉霉素的耐药率很多地区也高达35%左右,因此造成根除幽门螺杆菌失败,并会引起幽门螺杆菌球形变,使再次治疗困难,一般间隔至少2个月后幽门螺杆菌会重新恢复原来的杆形,就可以再次抗幽门螺杆菌治疗。但根除幽门螺杆菌失败会加重幽门螺杆菌的耐药问题,使以后治疗更加困难,因此一开始就应选用敏感抗生素以彻底根除幽门螺杆菌,以减少幽门螺杆菌的耐药性。

治疗建议

由于前两次治疗不彻底,病情复发,现在需要重新治疗。

01

一、首先根除幽门螺杆菌。距上次根除治疗结束那天算起至少2个月以后可再次进行根除幽门螺杆菌治疗,建议使用以下方案:

埃索美拉唑20 mg、胶体果胶铋3粒,每日2次早晚饭前半小时。
多西环素0.2g、呋喃唑酮0.2g,每日2次早晚饭后1小时。

共服14天,注意:服药期间尿液呈黄色,粪便呈黑灰色,这是药物颜色。服药期间必须戒酒,不能漏服,否则影响杀菌效果。

上述方案中,呋喃唑酮剂量偏大,常规推荐0.1g,每日2次。因为患者感染的幽门螺杆菌是耐药菌,又刚经历过根除治疗失败,而呋喃唑酮的杀菌效果与剂量成正相关,因此建议使用较大剂量,但每日不要超过0.6g,以免副作用过大。

幽门螺杆菌经口传播,建议14岁以上的家庭成员都查幽门螺杆菌,阳性者都需根除,以防相互传染。

02

二、其后服埃索美拉唑20 mg早饭前半小时每日一次,尿囊素铝片2粒每日3次饭前半小时,服药一个月。

尿囊素铝是胃黏膜保护剂,可促进上皮生长因子等分泌,具有促进肉芽组织形成及黏膜上皮组织再生,改善胃黏膜微小血管新生及血流,促进黏液的合成分泌,从而修复胃黏膜。

03

三、再继续服埃索美拉唑20 mg早饭前半小时每日一次,瑞巴派特片1粒每日3次饭后服,服药一个月。

瑞巴派特片也是胃黏膜保护剂,但更侧重于拮抗氧自由剂,减少炎症细胞趋化因子,也就是能减轻胃黏膜的炎症。

04

四、胃病治疗同时及治好后还需要保养,因除幽门螺杆菌外,其他多种因素也可损害胃黏膜。

养胃:进食松软易消化食物,三餐规律、定时定量,吃八分饱,饮食要淡口味、少辣、低盐、低糖,进温热食物、忌烫、忌冷,忌烟,忌酒,忌浓茶,忌刺激性大的食物、忌过分粗糙食物、忌笋,心情开朗,少压力。注意卫生,避免再次感染幽门螺杆菌。

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    2018-12-16 xiaoshitou
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1974316, encodeId=8a3e19e4316b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=199c200660e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上腹痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20066, encryptionId=199c200660e, topicName=上腹痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/22AEC2EC4805C29C6E1DEE6D888DB41C/100, createdBy=7a322500193, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Sun Oct 13 15:57:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1643245, encodeId=d338164324571, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=41378325846' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃糜烂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83258, encryptionId=41378325846, topicName=胃糜烂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3c8723160982, createdName=shenxlcyp, createdTime=Tue Jul 23 01:57:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272299, encodeId=309612e229916, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c01e85565e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腹痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85565, encryptionId=c01e85565e8, topicName=腹痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4aa106, createdName=crystal0562, createdTime=Sun Dec 16 09:57:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1532491, encodeId=d43415324912a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=144d832140d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83214, encryptionId=144d832140d, topicName=胃病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=975212339878, createdName=xiaoshitou, createdTime=Sun Dec 16 09:57:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1568927, encodeId=9b8a156892e43, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=39ade6877bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糜烂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76877, encryptionId=39ade6877bc, topicName=糜烂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f13815479658, createdName=许安, createdTime=Sun Dec 16 09:57:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-16 许安

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胃糜烂与胃溃疡,哪个更严重?

一般情况而言,胃溃疡要比胃糜烂严重的多,但有时候出血糜烂性胃炎也比较严重,而疣状胃炎的治疗则更为困难。

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