Baidu
map

关于「姨妈」的一些小常识

2015-12-17 张炜 kk健康

一图弄懂系列 女人的月经那真叫一个烦恼,正常的每月一次,烦!来的时候那叫一个不爽:腰酸腹痛、困顿乏力、烦躁易怒、乳房胀痛,烦!因此,人们形象地称月经为“倒霉了”“大姨妈来了”! 就这烦心事,它不来或来不定期,女同学们就更烦恼了!这些女人们一到诊室就把手机拿出来,开始给医生叨叨了:“我35天没来了”“我仨月没来了”“我一个月来两趟” “我来的时候疼死了”……你瞧见没有



一图弄懂系列

女人的月经那真叫一个烦恼,正常的每月一次,烦!来的时候那叫一个不爽:腰酸腹痛、困顿乏力、烦躁易怒、乳房胀痛,烦!因此,人们形象地称月经为“倒霉了”“大姨妈来了”!


就这烦心事,它不来或来不定期,女同学们就更烦恼了!这些女人们一到诊室就把手机拿出来,开始给医生叨叨了:“我35天没来了”“我仨月没来了”“我一个月来两趟” “我来的时候疼死了”……你瞧见没有,有的是想“大姨妈了”,有的是烦“大姨妈”了……反正这“大姨妈”来与不来都烦死个人!

月经从哪儿来?由谁管?

有人说了:“谁不知道?!从子宫来,用你说!”你说对了!子宫内膜每月一次剥脱出血形成了月经。但谁管这事可就复杂了。瞧着这张图,我告诉你月经的来龙去脉:


形成月经的必要条件有三个:性激素分泌正常、子宫反应正常、流出道通畅。

1.激素调节:下 丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴,又叫H-P-O轴,调节着月经。下丘脑分泌的GnRH管着垂体,垂体分泌的FSH和LH管着卵巢;卵巢分泌的雌激素(E2)和孕激素 (P)管着子宫,子宫负责每月一次的月经。激素的调节复杂多变,你不用懂太多,连我们刚当医生的同学们都说难懂。只记住一点:真正让子宫内膜生长的是卵巢分泌的雌、孕激素,没雌、孕激素就没有月经。


2.子宫:子宫在雌激素孕激素的支配下生长、发育、内膜变厚、为生育做准备,如果没怀孕的机会,内膜每月脱落形成月经。那么问题来了:没子宫不会来月经、先天发育异常(如始基子宫)不来月经、内膜损伤及黏连也不来月经……

3.流出通道通畅:指的是子宫颈管、阴道、处女膜是否通畅,不通流不出来,这道理最好懂!相关的疾病有宫颈粘连、阴道横隔、无孔处女膜等。

月经为啥来?


每月一次的子宫内膜变化都为等那个受精卵!让胚胎在内膜这块沃土种植,让胎儿在子宫这个温暖的宫殿生长,那才是子宫的职责!至于月经,有人这么形容“那是子宫内膜等不到受精卵,伤心过度幻化而成的一缕红尘”!如果等到了那个可意的种子,内膜是不会走的,月经是不会来的!

月经失调为哪般?

女人一生十有八九会遇到月经失调:青春期女孩初潮后半数以上会有月经失调,主要是因为H-P-O轴还没发育成熟;40岁开始进入更年期更是月经失调的多发期,原因是此时卵巢开始衰老,工作力不从心;那么育龄期应该正常了吧?可也有很多人由于各种生活、环境因素等影响了内分泌或卵巢发生早衰出现月经失调!一辈子一次没出现过月经周期异常的人还真不多!

还得从这张图说起:由于下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴分泌激素调节月经,所以不论它们哪个部门出现异常,都会发生月经失调。所以月经失调多数是内分泌失调导致的!有的内分泌失调是疾病造成,如:多囊卵巢综合症、高泌乳素血症、甲状腺功能低下或亢进、肾上腺功能异常、分泌激素的肿瘤等等,有些是内分泌功能紊乱的结果, 受各种因素影响而成,是可以预防的。

哪些因素容易导致月经失调?

H-P-O轴像一个爱生气的小媳妇,任何不顺心都憋出病来,他们会做出些罢工、捣乱的事体,让你月经紊乱或不来!那么这个H-P-O轴怕什么因素影响呢?



(1)压力过大:压力是内分泌的大敌,比如高考之于高中生、职称压力之于职场菜鸟、业绩之于职员、销售量之于推销员,承重能力差的在压力之下会发生H-P-O周紊乱,月经出现问题。所以,淡定,淡定,万事淡定!

(2)精神打击:人生一世少有一世顺利的,高考失利、失恋、离婚、失业等,严重者亲人的生老病死等,有些是生命不可承受之重,也可能会导致月经失调。


(3)节食减肥:爱美之心人皆有之,所以,年轻的姑娘们、妙龄的小媳妇们,肥的不肥的,都在减,得,减得过快过多,又出问题了,大姨妈不高兴了,不来了!

(4)过度运动:这种情况多见于职业运动员,高负荷的运动导致身体机能紊乱,特别是内分泌,出现月经失调或闭经。



(5)环境变化:每年假期都有一些经历大学第一学期或第一学年的孩子们前来就诊,出省上大学的、出国上大学的等等,背井离乡求学,有些孩子生活习惯不适应迅速消瘦;有些环境不适应,她们常常是上学去1-2个月就开始月经不规律了。

(6) 生活无度:现代人熬夜成了生活的一部分,晨昏颠倒、夜出昼眠,有的是赶作业、赶工作不得不熬夜,有的是习惯使然,不熬到半夜两三点睡不着,即便关了灯,摸黑也要对着手机熬眼睛,眼睛早晚得出问题,这我不管了,可你的月经我得管!所以,姑娘们,让人省省心吧!按时睡吧!

导致“大姨妈”出问题的原因一大堆,可你们注意到了吗?除了不可抗拒因素,自己折腾出来的因素可真不少。



所以,美丽的女生们,为了“大姨妈”的健康,自己做得了主的就管管自己,别任性了!

作者:张炜(复旦大学附属妇产科医院)
来源:KK健康微信授权转载,转载请联系:400-613-8110

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=59326, encodeId=046259326c8, content=科普一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d5571624672, createdName=Wuyue6233, createdTime=Tue Jan 26 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48288, encodeId=a268482888b, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 16:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47551, encodeId=8a354e5518b, content=影响因素多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 19:49:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46542, encodeId=da8c4654290, content=科普文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=166, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhRUzmFEmHvdIaOns4DmF3BicVffXjkOjBTiaMUIA4o7feGvE5IJ0SfSco4ib955Rx7bvWlib7j9V15xp/0, createdBy=814d1631326, createdName=cmn, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 23:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46525, encodeId=99fd46525ad, content=还有这么多知识,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58d871132, createdName=ran2233, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 21:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-26 Wuyue6233

    科普一下

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=59326, encodeId=046259326c8, content=科普一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d5571624672, createdName=Wuyue6233, createdTime=Tue Jan 26 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48288, encodeId=a268482888b, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 16:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47551, encodeId=8a354e5518b, content=影响因素多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 19:49:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46542, encodeId=da8c4654290, content=科普文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=166, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhRUzmFEmHvdIaOns4DmF3BicVffXjkOjBTiaMUIA4o7feGvE5IJ0SfSco4ib955Rx7bvWlib7j9V15xp/0, createdBy=814d1631326, createdName=cmn, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 23:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46525, encodeId=99fd46525ad, content=还有这么多知识,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58d871132, createdName=ran2233, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 21:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-26 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得看。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=59326, encodeId=046259326c8, content=科普一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d5571624672, createdName=Wuyue6233, createdTime=Tue Jan 26 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48288, encodeId=a268482888b, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 16:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47551, encodeId=8a354e5518b, content=影响因素多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 19:49:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46542, encodeId=da8c4654290, content=科普文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=166, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhRUzmFEmHvdIaOns4DmF3BicVffXjkOjBTiaMUIA4o7feGvE5IJ0SfSco4ib955Rx7bvWlib7j9V15xp/0, createdBy=814d1631326, createdName=cmn, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 23:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46525, encodeId=99fd46525ad, content=还有这么多知识,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58d871132, createdName=ran2233, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 21:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-24 三三五五

    影响因素多

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=59326, encodeId=046259326c8, content=科普一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d5571624672, createdName=Wuyue6233, createdTime=Tue Jan 26 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48288, encodeId=a268482888b, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 16:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47551, encodeId=8a354e5518b, content=影响因素多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 19:49:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46542, encodeId=da8c4654290, content=科普文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=166, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhRUzmFEmHvdIaOns4DmF3BicVffXjkOjBTiaMUIA4o7feGvE5IJ0SfSco4ib955Rx7bvWlib7j9V15xp/0, createdBy=814d1631326, createdName=cmn, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 23:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46525, encodeId=99fd46525ad, content=还有这么多知识,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58d871132, createdName=ran2233, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 21:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-17 cmn

    科普文章

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=59326, encodeId=046259326c8, content=科普一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d5571624672, createdName=Wuyue6233, createdTime=Tue Jan 26 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48288, encodeId=a268482888b, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 16:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47551, encodeId=8a354e5518b, content=影响因素多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 19:49:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46542, encodeId=da8c4654290, content=科普文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=166, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhRUzmFEmHvdIaOns4DmF3BicVffXjkOjBTiaMUIA4o7feGvE5IJ0SfSco4ib955Rx7bvWlib7j9V15xp/0, createdBy=814d1631326, createdName=cmn, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 23:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46525, encodeId=99fd46525ad, content=还有这么多知识,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58d871132, createdName=ran2233, createdTime=Thu Dec 17 21:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-17 ran2233

    还有这么多知识,学习

    0

相关资讯

澳洲新药可使女性1年仅3次例假:灭大姨妈 就这么简单

研发公司称:Yaz Flex是让女性完全自主自由的颠覆性产品,这种革新性新包装让女性完全决定是否或何时需要月经来潮。(资料图)作为女性独有的生理特点,月经有时会让女性陷入尴尬境地,给工作和生活造成不便。不过,据澳大利亚《每日电讯报》9月25日报道,澳大利亚科研人员研发了一种能让女性一年只来三次月经的药,这种药不会损害女性的生育能力,长期服用兼具避孕功效,当女性想要宝宝时只要停药即可。从9月24日起

Human Reproduction:含糖饮料消费高,月经初潮提早到?

一项新的研究表明,经常喝含糖饮料的女孩比那些不喝的女孩初潮年龄更早。这一结果于1月27日在线发表于世界上顶级生殖医学杂志之一的《人类生殖学》Human Reproduction杂志上。 这是第一项探索含糖饮料和女性月经初潮年龄关系的研究。研究者于1996-2001年间随访了5583名9-14岁的女孩,并发现那些每天饮用超过1.5份(每份相当于一听易拉罐)含糖饮料的女孩,相比一周饮用两份以下的女孩

JCEM:围绝经期骨吸收增加与体重指数呈负相关

为了描述最后一次月经期(FMP)、生殖激素、体重指数(BMI),以及种族相关的骨吸收变化,来自美国波士顿麻省总医院内分泌科的Joel S Finkelstein教授及其团队进行了一项研究,该研究发现在绝经过渡期,在FMP前约2年,卵巢功能开始下降,紧接着骨吸收和随后的骨丢失增加。骨吸收增加的量与BMI成负相关。校正BMI后,种族差异在骨吸收变化中的作用被减弱,但没有消失。BMI的种族差异,以及相应

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map