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柳叶刀子刊:感染一次新冠,抗体防线能存在多久

2022-12-24 医诺维 医诺维 发表于安徽省

研究表明,预防病毒的第一道防线只能维持9个月,接种疫苗对鼻腔IgA水平影响甚微,进行肌内接种不太可能唤起鼻腔粘膜反应

随着新冠病毒的大规模流行,新的病毒突变株不断出现,Alpha、Beta、Gamma、Delta、Omicron等,其中一些突变株具有更强的感染能力或更强免疫逃逸能力,目前全世界最关注的当属Omicron突变株。

多项研究显示,接种疫苗或感染新冠,内体可以产生抗体,可以提供有效保护,避免了住院和死亡等不良健康后果。

鼻子中的抗体(IgA),当病毒首次进入呼吸道时,它会阻断病毒,提供了新冠病毒的一线防御,这些抗体可以非常有效地防止病毒进入细胞并引起感染。目前,尚不清楚感染新冠后,这道防线能维持多久。

2022年12月19日,英国伦敦帝王理工学院、利物浦大学的研究人员在《柳叶刀》子刊" EBioMedicine "上发表了一篇题为" SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination "的研究论文。

该研究表明,在感染新冠9个月后,预防病毒的第一道防线鼻子中的抗体会下降,与早期的变体相比,鼻抗体对Omicron变体的抵抗力更短,解释了为什么新冠康复的人有再次感染的风险,尤其是 Omicron 变体,可能是反复感染的重要因素。

研究还发现,接种疫苗对在血液中产生和增强抗体非常有效,可以预防严重疾病,但对鼻腔IgA水平影响甚微。

在该研究中,研究人员分析了446名在2020年2月至2021年3月期间因感染新冠住院的参与者,收集了参与者的血液和鼻腔样本,通过电化学发光测量了参与者鼻子中的抗体和血浆中的抗体,以及抗体的持续时间,对原始毒株、Delta和Omicron(BA.1)变体的中和反应,还研究了随后接种疫苗对鼻腔和血液中抗体的影响。

在所有参与者中,有141人在住院的当时、六个月、一年分别采集了血液和鼻腔样本。

研究发现,在感染4周后,鼻腔中的抗体开始出现,但在9个月后,恢复至感染前的水平;而血液中的抗体在感染2周后就出现,并在9个月后上升2181倍,此后仍高于感染前,至少会持续一年。

血液中的抗体更持久

在所有参与者中,有323人接种了疫苗,其中307人确认自己在研究期间接种了第一次疫苗,研究发现,鼻腔和血液抗体都增加,然而鼻腔抗体的变化很小且是暂时的。

对毒株的中和反应分析发现,结合原始毒株、Delta和Omicron的鼻腔和血液抗体在感染后28天出现,并在至少9个月内保持升高,但鼻腔抗体结合Omicron是最短暂的,这可能是Omicron反复感染的重要因素。

接种疫苗对抗体的影响

此外,感染1年后,血液中的抗体需要加强疫苗来维持免疫力,才能有效地与原始毒株、Delta和Omicron结合。

重要的是,鼻腔中的抗体与年龄、疾病严重程度和性别无关,因此,研究认为血浆和鼻腔抗体反应之间观察到的差异是由疫苗接种驱动的。

研究表明,鼻腔一线防御免疫与其他免疫反应是分开的,尽管它能通过接种疫苗和感染而增强,但只持续约9个月。尽管如此,接种加强疫苗可以略微增强它,可以有效地预防严重疾病和死亡,因此加强疫苗仍然非常重要。

综上,研究表明,预防病毒的第一道防线只能维持9个月,接种疫苗对鼻腔IgA水平影响甚微,进行肌内接种不太可能唤起鼻腔粘膜反应,如果未来的疫苗要完全预防感染和传播,就需要大幅提高鼻腔抗体,鼻内和雾化疫苗在这方面表现出最大的希望。

论文链接:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104402

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    2022-12-25 向药师 来自陕西省

    学习学习

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2107405, encodeId=f5ac210e405fc, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8be75220179, createdName=向药师, createdTime=Sun Dec 25 15:28:36 CST 2022, time=2022-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=陕西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2107356, encodeId=272e210e35658, content=期待病毒变异慢点, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Sat Dec 24 22:13:31 CST 2022, time=2022-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=新疆), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2107355, encodeId=b874210e35512, content=变异太快,抗体意义不好说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Sat Dec 24 22:13:07 CST 2022, time=2022-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=新疆), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2107354, encodeId=51c7210e354f6, content=转发学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Sat Dec 24 22:12:45 CST 2022, time=2022-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=新疆), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2107353, encodeId=6e86210e3533e, content=学习受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Sat Dec 24 22:12:40 CST 2022, time=2022-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=新疆), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2107352, encodeId=0e05210e3524c, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Sat Dec 24 22:12:36 CST 2022, time=2022-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=新疆)]
    2022-12-24 delianjihui 来自新疆

    期待病毒变异慢点

    0

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    2022-12-24 delianjihui 来自新疆

    变异太快,抗体意义不好说

    0

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    2022-12-24 delianjihui 来自新疆

    转发学习

    0

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    2022-12-24 delianjihui 来自新疆

    学习受益

    0

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    2022-12-24 delianjihui 来自新疆

    感谢分享

    0

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新冠肺炎疫情正在全球肆虐,很多国家并没有给予足够的重视。例如美国总统特朗普就曾将新冠肺炎称为“小流感”,希望通过“群体免疫”来对抗来势汹汹的病毒。

颠覆!柳叶刀:少吃盐没啥用,无法降低心衰患者死亡风险!

柳叶刀:减少钠摄入量无法改善心衰患者全因死亡、因心血管原因而急诊或住院的风险,但患者的整体生活质量及心衰严重程度得到了一定的提高。

Lancet:柳叶刀重磅!全世界已有38亿人感染过新冠?

本研究方法从新冠疫情大流行开始就在构思和开发了,以填补及时提供SARS-CoV-2感染估计的空白,用于跟踪大流行,并为疫情传播的流行病学模型提供参考。

柳叶刀揭示西班牙疫苗混打AZ疫苗与辉瑞疫苗后特异性抗体显著增高

柳叶刀于2021年6月25日在线发表了一篇研究,本研究旨在评估

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