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Sci Trans Med:世界上第一个全身PET扫描仪,有望助力药物研发

2017-03-21 佚名 生物探索

如今,来自于加州大学的研究团队正致力于研发世界上第一台全身PET扫描成像仪,它可以实现身体的3D成像。他们认为,这一更精确、全面、灵敏的显像技术,将推动我们对机体的认知,同时它可以监测药物、毒素等物质在体内的实时动态反应。

将放射性物质注入人体,这听起来很疯狂,但是却预示着一种有效技术,可获取身体生理机能的“快照”。这便是核医学成像的魅力,它将核技术、计算机、化学、物理、生物等多重学科技术与医学融合,应用于疾病诊疗、药物研发等用途。其中,正电子发射型计算机断层显像(PET)是该领域比较先进医疗影像技术,利用放射性粒子追踪疾病(癌症、神经衰退性疾病等)。

如今,来自于加州大学的研究团队正致力于研发世界上第一台全身PET扫描成像仪,它可以实现身体的3D成像。他们认为,这一更精确、全面、灵敏的显像技术,将推动我们对机体的认知,同时它可以监测药物、毒素等物质在体内的实时动态反应。


图A是传统的PET扫描仪;图B是全身PET扫描仪(TB-PET)

上个月,他们在《Physics in Medicine and Biology》发表该项目的首篇论文,详述了项目的早期进展。这一周,研发团队负责人、加州大学的生物工程师Simon Cherry和Ramsey Badawi在《Science Translational Medicine》期刊发文,对这一仪器的应用前景进行了展望。

研发团队将它取名为“探险家”(EXPLORER,EXtreme Performance LOng REsearch scanneR),希望2018年它能首次应用于临床。Science官网对两位团队负责人进行了采访,具体内容整理如下:

Q:相比于传统的PET,EXPLORER的优势是什么?

Ramsey Badawi:当下,几乎所有应用于临床的PET分子影像技术都因为信号采集量少而受限。体内辐射源会向各个方向释放信号,从而干扰最终成像结果。

Simon Cherry:我们的全身PET扫描仪,可以在相同的辐射剂量下采集到更多的信号。这意味着,我们可以降低辐射量,而且在降低辐射剂量40倍的前提下,EXPLORER依然可以获取等同于现有PET的信号量。

Q:EXPLORER涉及的辐射量具体是多少?

Ramsey Badawi:在最新的计算中,全身PET需要的辐射剂量相当于在美国洛杉矶和伦敦之间往返飞行一次。

Q:全身PET还有哪些用途?

Simon Cherry:EXPLORER一个令人激动的应用方向是助力药物研发。我们可以将药物带上辐射性标志物,借助PET技术,我们可以动态监测药物在身体内的反应。这有利于我们检测药物潜在的毒副作用。或许,未来医药企业除了知道“药物是否到达肿瘤部位”之外,还可以了解“药物在肝脏中的剂量”。所以,它可以帮助我们筛选到更好的候选药物,从而降低临床试验的失败率。

Ramsey Badawi:另一个应用方向是毒理学。例如,我们生存的环境中有很多很多纳米颗粒。通过唇膏、防晒霜等各种物质进入体内,但是我们并不清楚它们对机体的影响。现在,我们可以尝试利用持久示踪剂标记一些纳米粒子,EXPLORER在灵敏度增加的前提下,可以追踪到它们,且时间长度可以达到1个月。这是现有PET技术未曾达到的时间极限。

Simon Cherry:除了药物,我们还可以对细胞疗法等医疗技术进行类似的监测。具体而言就是标记免疫细胞或者干细胞,通过PET扫描记录它们在身体内的活动,从而监控疗效和预后。

Q:这项技术距离临床应用面临着哪些障碍?

Simon Cherry:我们希望,2018年底进行首例临床试验。临床试验需要EXPLORER获得FDA的审批,我们并不知道通过审核需要多长时间。另一个问题是数据的处理,我们如何将监测器、电子设备上的大量数据导出?这些数据如何转换成图像?如何存储这些数据?这些问题都需要一一处理。

Q:相比于现有的核医学显像技术,EXPLORER成本如何?

Simon Cherry:这是一个很难回答的问题。我们正在研发的原型——2米长的设备,费用是常规PET的3-5倍。这一价格类似于当下的高端核磁共振成像。

Ramsey Badawi:我们可以把成本放入效益中考虑。如果我们可以获取额外且大量的信息,这意味着我们研发的是一个将改写PET历史的新成果,我们可以探讨一个不同的商业模式。

原始出处:

Cherry SR, Badawi RD, Karp JS,et al.Total-body imaging: Transforming the role of positron emission tomography.Sci Transl Med. 2017 Mar 15.

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    2017-03-21 feather89
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    2017-04-03 xlysu
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    2017-04-01 bsmagic9140
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    2017-03-22 lqvr
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据阿尔茨海默病协会国际会议上的两项研究表明,嗅觉识别测试可检测认知障碍和阿尔茨海默氏病,因此,或可改善早期阿尔茨海默氏病的检测和管理。 阿尔茨海默氏症协会医学和科学运营总监Heather Snyder博士说道,“围绕在阿尔茨海默氏病的生物检测的科学正不断进步并得到验证。低成本,非侵入性的方法以检测老年痴呆症相关的改变,并评估未来风险的下降将继续得到完善和测试;这些研究对于阿尔茨海默氏病的早期

JNCI:PET检查能改善癌症患者预后吗?

癌症患者常通过正电子发射断层扫描(PET)扫描进行肿瘤分期和再分期,以及对疗效进行监测。此外,通过PET还可以发现无症状的复发者,不过PET检查能否改善预后尚不明确。因此研究者进行了一项研究,评估PET检查对肺癌和食管癌患者预后的影响。

ACS Nano:纳米药物联合PEF成像将有助于提高癌症的靶向治疗

虽然纳米医学的发展已大大推进了癌症的个性化治疗,并减少了药物治疗潜在的副作用。但是目前仍难无法完全实现个性化治疗。近日,据发表于ACS Nano的一项新的研究取得了新的进展,可使得特定的抗癌药物在体内累积从而可更好的治疗患者。研究人员在动物体内测试了其药物载体——脂质纳米颗粒的效果。总所周知,个性化治疗十分复杂,正如人们所预料的那样,同一种药物会以不同的浓度在不同的肿瘤患者中积累,对于同一种癌症患

FDA批准Netspot用于罕见神经内分泌肿瘤的检测

近日,FDA批准放射性诊断试剂Netspot 用于检测罕见的神经内分泌肿瘤。NetSpot(美国Advanced Accelerator Applications公司),是一种无菌的镓68 dotatate静脉注射的单剂量试剂盒,是一种用于PET成像的放射性诊断试剂,旨在将帮助定位生长抑素受体阳性神经内分泌肿瘤成人及儿童患者的肿瘤部位。三项研究结果均表明NetSpot安全有效,基于此FDA批准了N

Neurology:ALS患者的PET表现与认知障碍相关

研究显示ALS患者队列中连续的额叶代谢障碍反映了临床和解剖学上的疾病进展的过程,从单纯ALS、伴有中间认知缺陷的ALS到ALS-FTD。伴有中间认知障碍的ALS患者在PET检查下显示独特的代谢模式。

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