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Neurology:亨廷顿病风险基因远比你想象中的更常见

2016-06-24 MedSci MedSci原创

亨廷顿病(HD)是一种遗传性神经退行性疾病,据估计约30000多美国人患有此病,此外,还有200000人存在患病风险。但是,据来自加拿大温哥华英属哥伦比亚大学的一项新的研究显示,实际上的人数远比上述估计的要多,该研究发现已发表于Neurology。研究人员发现,普通人群体中“较低的外显率”(引起HD的基因突变的拷贝数为36-39)的发生率较既往报告的更大。这意味着,HD发生低危风险的患者的数目可能

亨廷顿病(HD)是一种遗传性神经退行性疾病,据估计约30000多美国人患有此病,此外,还有200000人存在患病风险。但是,据来自加拿大温哥华英属哥伦比亚大学的一项新的研究显示,实际上的人数远比上述估计的要多,该研究发现已发表于Neurology。

研究人员发现,普通人群体中“较低的外显率”(引起HD的基因突变的拷贝数为36-39)的发生率较既往报告的更大。这意味着,HD发生低危风险的患者的数目可能远远高于当前的估计数目。

但是,该研究还发现了一些积极的信息:较低外显率的老年患者出现HD症状的风险可能较既往认为的要低。

基因突变拷贝数如何影响HD发生的风险


亨廷顿基因突变是导致HD发生的病因,其特点是胞嘧啶、腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤(CAG)的过度复制。若来自父母的两条基因中CAG的重复序列达到26,则机体并不会发生HD,其后代也不会发生HD。

但是如果拷贝数超过40,也就是“全外显率”,那么机体将发生HD,且基因突变遗传给后代几率为50%。

而拷贝数位于27-39之间的个体则陷入了“灰色区域”,而拷贝数为36-39的确是“较低的外显率”。这意味着目前尚未清楚这些个体是否会发展为HD。既往研究主要探究了已经出现HD症状的患者较低的外显率常见情况,但是对于普通人群HD发生的风险尚未可知。

基因重复的老年患者出现HD症状的风险可能较低

该研究共纳入了来自加拿大、美国和苏格兰的7317名参与者,使用一种新型基因检测技术来评估其基因以更准确的评估HD风险。

结果发现,18名参与者的亨廷顿基因拷贝数至少为36,相当于普通人群中的发生率为1/400,这较既往的估计高10倍。

此外,研究人员还发现,亨廷顿基因拷贝数为36-38的个体出现HD症状的风险低于既往所估计的程度。


而且,亨廷顿基因拷贝数为37的年龄≥65岁的老年人出现HD症状的概率约为0.2%,明显低于既往所估计的10%。

亨廷顿基因拷贝数为38的年龄≥65岁的老年人,出现HD症状的比例约为2%,而既往所估计的比例为19%。

Michael R. Hayden说道,“目前尚未清楚部分较低外显率的机体中年时期就出现HD症状的原因,而其他人到达老年时却没有出现症状。额外的遗传和环境因素也可改变一个人患病的可能。”

对于亨廷顿基因拷贝数≥40的机体,研究所得的结果与既往估计的匹配。

Hayden指出,虽然较低外显率的机体发生HD的风险较低,但是他们仍可以将基因突变遗传给后代使其出现全外显率。这意味着,未来几代人发生HD的风险可能较我们想象中的要高。

原始出处:

Honor Whiteman. Huntington's risk genes '10 times more common than previously thought'.MNT, 23 June 2016.

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    2016-08-01 yinhl1978
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1999704, encodeId=7fe11999e0461, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5df12695e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neurol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12695, encryptionId=d5df12695e6, topicName=Neurol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Mon Aug 01 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=146150, encodeId=2fde146150b9, content=学习了,好文值得点赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Oct 11 22:45:36 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91576, encodeId=648e915e602, content=学习了,觉得好可怕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 19:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365095, encodeId=425c136509526, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c83a2455270' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亨廷顿病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24552, encryptionId=c83a2455270, topicName=亨廷顿病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a8e213, createdName=hongbochen, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 04:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1442679, encodeId=468514426e91b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=75a51008e363' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#风险基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100873, encryptionId=75a51008e363, topicName=风险基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9cf64946767, createdName=12498cbcm01(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Jun 26 04:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1622743, encodeId=b4ed1622e4311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a6e2454879' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亨廷顿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24548, encryptionId=4a6e2454879, topicName=亨廷顿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 04:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-11 ylzr123

    学习了,好文值得点赞!

    0

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    2016-06-29 oo902

    学习了,觉得好可怕

    0

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