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陈旧性宫外孕表现为巨大盆腔包块的MRI诊断2例

2019-04-11 路涛 蒲红 陈光文 中国临床医学影像杂志

女,24岁,因体检彩超发现盆腔包块10多天入院。孕1产1,5年前顺产,平时月经正常,痛经9年,无明显加重,10天前体检发现盆腔包块,无月经改变,无畏寒、发热,无尿频、尿急,无肛门坠胀。

输卵管妊娠,是异位妊娠中最常见的一种。输卵管妊娠流产或破裂后,若出现逐渐停止,胚胎死亡,被血块包裹形成盆腔血肿,血肿与周围组织粘连、机化,称为“陈旧性宫外孕”。陈旧性宫外孕的临床症状和体征均不典型,表现为巨大盆腔包块者少见,出现双侧输卵管扩张、积血者更为少见。本文报道了2例陈旧性宫外孕病例出现上述少见表现,并结合文献探讨其影像学特征,以提高对本病的认识。
 
例1,女,24岁,因体检彩超发现盆腔包块10多天入院。孕1产1,5年前顺产,平时月经正常,痛经9年,无明显加重,10天前体检发现盆腔包块,无月经改变,无畏寒、发热,无尿频、尿急,无肛门坠胀。
 
查体:子宫前位,正常大小,无压痛,子宫后方偏右侧附件扪及一9 cm×9 cm大小包块,质中,轻压痛,活动差。实验室检查:尿及血清HCG均为阴性。彩超(图1a)示子宫右侧及后方探及一大小约11.7 cm×7 cm形态不规则低回声团块,团块内均可见无回声区,左侧附件查见一大小约4.8 cm×4.7 cm囊实性混合团块,边界清晰。MRI(图1b~1d)示双侧输卵管迂曲、扩张,内见混杂短T1长T2信号聚集,右侧输卵管内见长T1短T2信号结节影,右侧输卵管在子宫直肠陷凹区形成大小约8.1 cm×7.6 cm团块,边界清晰,其内信号不均,见片状短T1长T2、长T1稍长T2信号影,其壁见双层结构,外层呈长T1短T2信号,内壁呈短T1等T2信号,增强后其壁中度强化,其内结节影未见强化。子宫受压前移,子宫左侧壁见一长T1稍短T2信号结节影,边界不清,大小约2.5 cm×2.1 cm,其内见长T1长T2信号影。盆腔内见少量短T1长T2信号影。双侧腹股沟淋巴结显示。考虑:①右侧输卵管异位妊娠?子宫内膜异位?②子宫左侧壁肌瘤伴出血。③盆腔少量积血。④双侧腹股沟淋巴结显示。
 


图1a~1d 例1MRI图像。图1a:轴位T2WI压脂图像。图1b:矢状位T2WI压脂图像。图1c:冠状位T2WI图像。图1d:冠状位增强T1WI图像。显示子宫直肠陷凹区混杂信号肿块影,其壁见双层结构,双侧输卵管迂曲、扩张(细箭头),内见混杂短T1长T2信号聚集,右侧输卵管内见长T1短T2信号结节(向上粗箭头),增强后肿块壁中度强化,其内结节影未见强化。
 
术中见腹膜水肿增厚,子宫正常大小,表面布满陈旧性机化出血,子宫直肠陷凹陈旧性机化血凝块500g,子宫后壁与双侧附件、大网膜粘连,整个右侧输卵管迂曲、粘连于子宫后方、充血水肿,右侧输卵管壶腹部至伞部内约有6 cm×3 cm×2 cm大小包块,质硬,右侧输尿管系膜处直径约1.5 cm大小囊肿,右侧卵巢正常。左侧输卵管充血水肿明显,管径增粗约3 cm,内未扪及明显组织,左侧卵巢未见明显异常。行右侧输卵管开窗术+右侧输尿管系膜囊肿摘除+病灶清除术,术中及术后病理诊断:右侧输卵管陈旧性宫外孕,右侧输尿管系膜囊肿。术后予预防感染,对症治疗,无特殊不适,痊愈出院。
 
例2,女,41岁,因“皮埋避孕后月经紊乱4年,腰骶部胀痛、发热15天,自行扪及腹部包块3天”入院。孕2产2,均为顺产,自行扪及下腹部包块,质硬,稍有压痛,伴腹坠胀感,大便干结,无头晕、乏力,无畏寒、发热,无尿频、尿急、尿痛。查体:子宫及附件位置、大小扪及不清,扪及盆腔巨大包块,平脐,边界清楚,轻压痛,位于盆腔右侧,活动度差。
 
实验室检查:尿及血清HCG均为阴性。彩超(图2a)示子宫前方盆腔内探及一巨大稍弱杂乱回声团块,大小约27 cm×7.3 cm×11.6 cm,边界清楚,形态不规则,部分可见包膜,团块内未见明显血流信号,周边可见点状血流信号。双侧卵巢未见显示。盆腔少量积液。MRI(图2b~2d)示盆腔内子宫前方旁见大小约8.2 cm×14.4 cm×10.6 cm混杂信号肿块影,内见条、片状稍长T1稍长T2信号,散在斑片状高、低信号,其壁见双层结构,壁外层呈长T1短T2信号,内层可见不连续短T1长T2信号,病灶局部软组织呈新月形增厚,双侧输卵管迂曲、扩张,其内见短T1长T2信号影,右侧输卵管内见乳突状局限性突出长T1短T2信号结节影,增强扫描,病灶内呈不均匀斑片状强化,壁呈环形强化。双侧附件区见多发大小不等囊状高信号影。子宫受压、推移,膀胱受压、缩小。子宫直肠陷凹见片状高信号影,最厚处约2 cm。盆腔内未见肿大淋巴结影。
 


图2a~2d 例2MRI图像。图2a:轴位T2WI压脂图像。图2b:矢状位T2WI压脂图像。图2c:冠状位T2WI图像。图2d:冠状位增强T1WI图像。显示子宫前方旁混杂信号肿块影,其壁见双层结构(三角形),病灶局部软组织呈新月形增厚,双侧输卵管迂曲、扩张,内见混杂短T1长T2信号聚集(细箭头),右侧输卵管内见长T1短T2信号结节(向上粗箭头),增强后肿块壁中度强化,其内结节影未见强化。
 
诊断为:①盆腔内异位妊娠可能;②子宫直肠陷凹少量积血。术中见:进腹后见盆腔一巨大包块,大小上至脐部,略偏至盆腔右侧,张力大,包块与大网膜、肠管、膀胱、腹膜广泛粘连、水肿,钝性分粘,包块破裂,内含约500mL陈旧性血凝块,部分机化,清除血凝块后见包块壁厚、质朽、水肿,包块缩小后见粘连于子宫及右侧附件上方,子宫大小正常。双侧附件与子宫侧壁、腹壁、大网膜、肠管粘连致密,无正常解剖形态,清除血凝块,检查分离粘连部位,行盆腔分粘术+右侧附件区陈旧性血块清除术+腹腔引流术,术中及术后病理诊断:右侧输卵管陈旧性宫外孕伴感染,盆腔粘连。
 
原始出处:

路涛,蒲红,陈光文.陈旧性宫外孕表现为巨大盆腔包块的MRI诊断2例[J].中国临床医学影像杂志,2018(02):149-151.

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    2019-04-13 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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