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Cell:科学家揭示富含纤维食物预防糖尿病、肥胖症的机制

2014-01-17 墨涂涂 生物谷

科学家已经知道富含纤维素的食物能够保护机体免受肥胖和糖尿病的困扰,但是其生物学机制是未知的。近日法国-瑞典科学家团队成功的揭示了该机制,该过程包括肠道菌群和两顿饭之间肠道产生葡萄糖的能力。相关研究发表在近期的Cell杂志上。 多数水果和蔬菜富含可发酵纤维。该纤维不能被人体直接消化,但是却可以被肠道中的细菌分解为短链脂肪酸如丙酸盐或丁酸盐。而这些短链脂肪酸可以被人吸收利用。 之前有研究称,食用富

科学家已经知道富含纤维素的食物能够保护机体免受肥胖和糖尿病的困扰,但是其生物学机制是未知的。近日法国-瑞典科学家团队成功的揭示了该机制,该过程包括肠道菌群和两顿饭之间肠道产生葡萄糖的能力。相关研究发表在近期的Cell杂志上。

多数水果和蔬菜富含可发酵纤维。该纤维不能被人体直接消化,但是却可以被肠道中的细菌分解为短链脂肪酸如丙酸盐或丁酸盐。而这些短链脂肪酸可以被人吸收利用。

之前有研究称,食用富含纤维食物的动物相比于食用无纤维食物的动物,脂肪含量更低,也不易发展为糖尿病。但是该纤维保护作用机制还是个迷。

由Gilles Mithieux博士领导的科学家团队认为纤维保护作用与肠道产葡萄糖能力相关。肠道在两顿饭之间合成葡萄糖并释放到血液中,门静脉的神经末梢能够感知该葡萄糖水平,并传达信号到大脑。大脑触发一系列保护信号。


为了研究可发酵纤维和肠道产葡萄糖的关系,科学家采用大鼠作为实验模型,科学家采用富含可发酵纤维的食物或富含丙酸盐、丁酸盐的食物喂养大鼠。接着分析肠道负责葡萄糖合成的基因表达情况。科学家发现肠道利用丙酸盐来产生葡萄糖,用富含脂肪和糖食物喂养大鼠同时食物中加入纤维,会降低大鼠产生糖尿病的风险。

该研究表明可发酵纤维被肠道菌群分解后可以作为葡萄糖的前体。机体葡萄糖的调控在糖尿病和肥胖症的发病中起重要作用。

原文出处

De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Goncalves D, Vinera J, Zitoun C, Duchampt A, Bäckhed F, Mithieux G.Microbiota-Generated Metabolites Promote Metabolic Benefits via Gut-Brain Neural Circuits.Cell. 2014 Jan 7.

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    2014-05-04 维他命
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    2014-01-19 yhy100201

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