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营养专家:谈谈更年期营养与运动那些事儿

2016-06-01 D小编 医学界妇产科频道

2016年上海“绝经相关问题”高峰论坛暨第18期“围绝经医学基础与临床进展”学习班上,来自复旦大学附属华东医院孙建琴教授作了《更年期女性的营养与运动》的精彩报告,详细阐述了更年期的健康管理及营养膳食。 更年期妇女常常会面临一些健康问题,更年期综合征、情绪压力;骨质疏松;肌肉衰减;体重管理;心血管疾病:高血压、高血脂、动脉粥样硬化;肿瘤等。 更年期健康管理:营养专题 1

2016年上海“绝经相关问题”高峰论坛暨第18期“围绝经医学基础与临床进展”学习班上,来自复旦大学附属华东医院孙建琴教授作了《更年期女性的营养与运动》的精彩报告,详细阐述了更年期的健康管理及营养膳食。

更年期妇女常常会面临一些健康问题,更年期综合征、情绪压力;骨质疏松;肌肉衰减;体重管理;心血管疾病:高血压、高血脂、动脉粥样硬化;肿瘤等。

更年期健康管理:营养专题

1、51~70岁女性每天应摄入7份蔬菜和水果,6份谷类食物,3份牛奶或奶制品,2份肉类或肉制品(III-A);

2、膳食应低钠和低精制糖,用不饱和脂肪代替饱和脂肪和反式脂肪,并增加水果、蔬菜和膳食纤维的摄入量(I-A);

3、推荐成年人全年常规补充维生素D和钙(I-A);

4、推荐一生维持健康的体重(I-A);

5、18~64岁女性每周应至少累积完成150min中度至剧烈有氧运动(I-A)。

缓解更年期症状的营养小窍门

◆ 提高钙摄入量:研究表明含钙丰富的食品如牛奶、酸奶、奶酪、绿叶蔬菜可起到缓解更年期症状的作用。

◆ 避免反式脂肪、精炼糖和盐:糖会引起情绪波动,盐使水潴留、腹胀。检查食物的成分,发现任何隐藏的糖分。

◆ 减少咖啡因和酒精:加剧更年期症状,这段时间应该避免摄入。

◆ 富含铁和锌的食物:红肉、肝、蛋、绿叶蔬菜、水果及干果可以帮助缓解更年期的症状。

◆ 饮食中添加必需氨基酸:ω-3脂肪酸已被证明有助于缓解痉挛,多吃鱼、亚麻籽或鱼油补充剂能减轻更年期症状。

◆ 考虑补充维生素:一些人服用复合维生素或补充镁,维生素B6、维生素E可能有助于缓解痉挛。

◆ 多吃大豆:大豆异黄酮有助于缓解更年期症状。此外,世界权威医学杂志《癌症》发表的一篇文章《国际乳房健康和癌症指南》中列举了世界各国一些预防乳腺癌的方法,其中预防乳腺癌的饮食方法之一就是要适量吃大豆及豆制品。

肌肉衰减(Sarcopenia)

肌肉衰减多因素引起的老年人复杂的综合征,有不良的健康和临床结局,增加老年人失能、患病、死亡。30岁以后每10年骨骼肌量减少3%~8%。

肌肉衰减会造成,骨骼肌逐渐减少,肌力逐渐下降;活动能力降低,行走、登高、坐立、举物等各种日常动作完成有困难;逐步发展到难以站起、下床困难、步履蹒跚、平衡障碍、极易摔倒骨折;增加残疾、丧失自理生活能力;体重下降、并发症、死亡率增加。

肌肉衰减综合征营养与运动干预中国专家共识

◆ 蛋白质:1.食物蛋白质能促进肌肉蛋白质的合成,有助于预防肌肉衰减综合征。(A)2.老年人蛋白质的推荐摄入量应维持在1.0~1.5g/(kg·d)。优质蛋白质比例最好能达到50%,并均衡分配到一日三餐中。(B)3.富含亮氨酸等支链氨基酸的优质蛋白质,如乳清蛋白及其它动物蛋白,更有益于预防肌肉衰减综合征。(B)

◆ 脂肪:1.对于肌肉量丢失和肌肉功能减弱的老年人,在控制总脂肪摄入量的前提下,应增加深海鱼油、海产品等富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的食物摄入。(A级)2.推荐EPA+DHA的可接受范围(ADMR)是0.25~2.00g/d。(来源:中国食品报)

维生素D:1.有必要检测所有肌肉衰减综合征老年人体内维生素D的水平,当老年人血清25(OH)D低于正常值范围时,应给予补充。(A)2.建议维生素D的补充剂量为15~20μg/d(600~800IU/d),维生素D2与维生素D3可以替换使用。(A)3.增加户外活动有助于提高老年人血清维生素D水平,预防肌肉衰减综合征。(A)4.适当增加海鱼、动物肝脏和蛋黄等维生素D含量较高食物的摄入。(B)

◆ 抗氧化营养素:1.鼓励增加深色蔬菜和水果以及豆类等富含抗氧化营养素食物的摄入,以减少肌肉有关的氧化应激损伤。(A级)2.适当补充含多种抗氧化营养素(维生素C、维生素E、类胡萝卜素、硒)的膳食补充剂。(B级)(来源:中国食品报)

◆ 口服营养补充(ONS):1.口服营养补充有助预防虚弱老年人的肌肉衰减和改善肌肉衰减综合征患者的肌肉量、强度和身体组分。(A级)2.每天在餐间/时或锻炼后额外补充2次营养制剂,每次摄入15~20g富含必需氨基酸或亮氨酸的蛋白质及200千卡(836.8千焦)左右能量,有助于克服增龄相关的肌肉蛋白质合成抗性。(A级)(来源:中国食品报)

◆ 运动:1.以抗阻运动为基础的运动(如坐位抬腿、静力靠墙蹲、举哑铃、拉弹力带等)能有效改善肌肉力量和身体功能,同时补充必需氨基酸或优质蛋白效果更好。(A)2.每天进行累计40~60min中-高强度运动(如快走、慢跑),其中抗阻运动20~30min,每周≥3天,对于肌肉衰减综合征患者需要更多的运动量。(A)3.减少静坐/卧,增加日常身体活动。(B)

小编查阅第八版《妇产科》教材发现,1994年WHO提出废除“更年期”这一术语,推荐采用“围绝经期”一词,将其定义为从卵巢功能开始衰退直至绝经后1年内的时期。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2066129, encodeId=b33620661299a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ef98811991' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#营养专家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88119, encryptionId=6ef98811991, topicName=营养专家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dca2500075, createdName=396094184_42047355, createdTime=Sat May 06 01:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106445, encodeId=469410644505, content=深度好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 21:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88360, encodeId=75db88360e4, content=专家讲课就应该这样,每一个论点都有依据,而且客观呈现相关依据!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=194, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ac9b1380330, createdName=rrjk, createdTime=Fri Jun 03 12:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88198, encodeId=25dd881989b, content=更年期很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Thu Jun 02 06:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88016, encodeId=dc3c88016e4, content=多学习,营养, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=180, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Wed Jun 01 15:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88004, encodeId=839288004a3, content=营养学,不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Wed Jun 01 14:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-28 ylzr123

    深度好文,值得学习,赞!

    0

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    2016-06-03 rrjk

    专家讲课就应该这样,每一个论点都有依据,而且客观呈现相关依据!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2066129, encodeId=b33620661299a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ef98811991' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#营养专家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88119, encryptionId=6ef98811991, topicName=营养专家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dca2500075, createdName=396094184_42047355, createdTime=Sat May 06 01:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106445, encodeId=469410644505, content=深度好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 21:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88360, encodeId=75db88360e4, content=专家讲课就应该这样,每一个论点都有依据,而且客观呈现相关依据!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=194, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ac9b1380330, createdName=rrjk, createdTime=Fri Jun 03 12:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88198, encodeId=25dd881989b, content=更年期很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Thu Jun 02 06:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88016, encodeId=dc3c88016e4, content=多学习,营养, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=180, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Wed Jun 01 15:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88004, encodeId=839288004a3, content=营养学,不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Wed Jun 01 14:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-02 老段

    更年期很重要

    0

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    2016-06-01 沉心多思

    多学习,营养

    0

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    2016-06-01 沉心多思

    营养学,不错

    0

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