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围产期心肌病的治疗攻略,你都get了么?

2017-07-17 王文晓 医学之声

围产期心肌病(peripartum cardiomyopathy,PPCM),指既往无心脏病病史,于妊娠晚期至产后6个月之间首次发生的、以累及心肌为主的扩张型心肌病,以心功能下降、心脏扩大为主要特征,常伴有心律失常和附壁血栓形成。

围产期心肌病(peripartum cardiomyopathy,PPCM),指既往无心脏病病史,于妊娠晚期至产后6个月之间首次发生的、以累及心肌为主的扩张型心肌病,以心功能下降、心脏扩大为主要特征,常伴有心律失常和附壁血栓形成。

其突出临床特征:

心力衰竭,表现为呼吸困难、心脏扩大、肺部啰音、外周水肿甚至心原性休克等。多发生在加勒比黑人种族、大龄产妇、多胎生产、多次怀孕和伴有/不伴有先兆子痫高血压的人群中。

发病机制:病因复杂,包括自身免疫,胎儿微嵌合体,病毒感染,压力应激因子等。近年,垂体泌乳素被认为是一个潜在的危险因素,全长泌乳素分子相对分子质量23000,能够促进血管生成,可被水解为抑制血管生成的相对分子质量16000分子形式,诱导内皮细胞的分解和凋亡。

一、药物治疗

01.急性期:

与其他原因引起的急性心衰的治疗相同,相信大家都已经很熟悉了,现简述如下。包括:

(1)吸氧,尤其是有肺水肿和/或低氧血症的患者,应使其SaO2>95%;

(2)利尿,使用呋塞米等袢利尿剂迅速减轻患者的容量负荷;

(3)扩血管,收缩压>110mmHg的患者可使用硝酸酯等药物减轻心脏前后负荷;90mmHg <收缩压<110mmHg的患者应谨慎使用;收缩压<90mmHg的患者禁用。

(4)正性肌力药物:出现低心排量综合征的患者可使用多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺等正性肌力药物。

02.稳定期:

(1)分娩前:

①ACEI/ARB:可以导致胎儿畸形,禁忌。

②β-受体阻滞剂:尚未显示有致畸作用,尽量使用选择性β1-受体阻滞剂,理论上β2-受体阻滞剂可以松弛子宫平滑肌,抑制子宫活动能力及分娩,应慎用。

③利尿剂:通常使用呋塞米和氢氯噻嗪,但两者均可通过胎盘,且利尿剂可使胎盘血流量减少,故应慎用。

④醛固酮受体拮抗剂:通常使用螺内酯,避免使用依普利酮。

⑤抗栓:在射血分数<35%的患者中可考虑使用肝素或者低分子肝素。华法林可以通过胎盘并可致畸,应慎用。

(2)分娩后:

可参考慢性心力衰竭的治疗,在此不再赘述。

新的治疗药物:

溴隐亭:为多巴胺受体 D2 的激动剂,能抑制垂体及组织中泌乳素的释放,阻断相对分子质量16 000泌乳素的级联反应。有研究表明使用溴隐亭2.5mg bid 2周+2.5mg qd 4周可以显着提高患者的心脏射血分数。

尚未有证据显示溴隐亭能致畸或能够增加流产发生率。但仍需要大型随机临床对照试验证实其安全性和有效性。

二、非药物治疗:

心脏再同步化治疗(CRT):

尚无相关推荐意见。延迟植入对PPCM患者至关重要,因为分娩后的几个月在优化药物治疗下左室功能可能会得到明显的改善。

如果优化药物治疗6个月后,心电图上QRS波时限延长>120ms或中重度心衰患者(NYHA Ⅲ-Ⅳ级)可能需植入CRT改善心功能。

原始出处:

[1] 中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组.妊娠合并心脏病的诊治专家共识(2016)[J].中华妇产科杂志,2016,51(6):401-409.


[3] 中华医学会心血管病学分会.中国心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南2014[J].中华心血管病学杂志,2014,42(2):98-122.


[5] 杜贺,史承勇.围生期心肌病的研究进展[J].心血管病学进展,2015,36(1):30-33.

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    0

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    2017-07-18 ylzr123

    好文,值得点赞,更值得收藏!慢慢领会学习的。给点个赞!

    0

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    2017-07-18 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2017-07-18 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

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    2017-07-18 半夏微凉

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    2017-07-18 刘煜

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