Baidu
map

宫颈锥切术中肾上腺素诱发冠状动脉痉挛一例

2019-04-03 于江 陈宏志 临床麻醉学杂志

患者,女,68岁,161 cm,51kg,因“体检发现宫颈病变2月余”入院。既往无其他疾病病史,患者完善入院相关检查后,确诊为“子宫颈上皮不典型增生(CIN)Ⅲ级,不除外浸润”,拟择期在全身麻醉下行宫颈锥切术。

患者,女,68岁,161 cm,51kg,因“体检发现宫颈病变2月余”入院。既往无其他疾病病史,患者完善入院相关检查后,确诊为“子宫颈上皮不典型增生(CIN)Ⅲ级,不除外浸润”,拟择期在全身麻醉下行宫颈锥切术。
 
患者术前包括心肌酶谱、肌钙蛋白在内的实验室检查并未见明显异常,术前心电图出现ST-T改变,但既往心脏超声及冠脉CT并未见异常,无手术史以及食物药物过敏史。患者进入手术室后,静脉滴注复方乳酸钠7ml·kg-1·h-1,同时进行心电监护,监测SpO2,面罩吸氧6L/min,BP128/70mmHg,SpO2 99%,HR57次/分,ECG未见异常。麻醉诱导:阿托品0.5mg、舒芬太尼10μg、丙泊酚100mg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵4mg,小潮气量手法辅助通气3min后,插入3号双管喉罩,同时连接呼吸机,调整呼吸机为机械通气模式,VT400ml,RR13次/分,麻醉维持:采用1.5%~2.5%七氟醚复合50%O2和50%N2O,维持BP90~120mmHg,HR50~80次/分,SpO2 95%~100%,PETCO2 35~45mmHg,血流动力学处于平稳状态。
 
患者取截石位,常规外阴阴道术区消毒,铺无菌巾,暴露宫颈。在术者向宫颈阴道黏膜交界处多点注射1∶400000肾上腺素溶液后,HR突然增快至110次/分,持续数秒后ECG突然出现室性心动过速,继而HR减慢同时伴有SpO2和BP下降,此时麻醉医师触摸患者颈动脉,发现其颈动脉搏动消失,考虑可能为肾上腺素过度激活交感神经诱发冠状动脉痉挛(coronary artery spasm,CAS)导致的心脏停搏,立即开始胸外按压,将呼吸机FiO2设定为100%,同时将3号喉罩,更换为气管插管,地塞米松10mg静脉推注,普罗帕酮35mg溶于100ml生理盐水中快速静滴,同时进行冰袋脑保护及桡动脉穿刺置管,动脉血气分析显示:pH7.31,PaCO2 48mmHg,PaO2 343mmHg,Hct33%,Hb102g/L,Na+144mmol/L,K+3.1mmol/L,Ca2+1.12mmol/L,Glu9.4mmol/L,Lac2.5mmol/L,HCO-324.2mmol/L,BE-2.2mmol/L。
 
两组胸外按压后,进行电除颤(双相波200J)一次后患者恢复窦性心律,此时BP90/50mmHg,SpO2 100%,HR85次/分,但ECG伴有ST段轻微抬高表现。嘱术者继续手术,手术共持续45min,术中补液800ml,失血约10ml。手术结束后待其意识及自主呼吸恢复后拔除气管导管,此时HR80次/分,BP120/70mmHg,SpO2 100%。
 
将患者送至ICU继续观察治疗,患者在ICU中并未出现恶性心律失常,但两次床旁ECG均提示ST-T改变并伴ST段压低,提示其有心内膜下心肌损伤。同时出现多项异常指标,其中D-二聚体1459μg/L,门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)111U/L,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)11.2%,肌钙蛋白I0.084μg/L。患者在ICU经过吸氧、补钾、补液、营养心肌等对症处理后于术后第3天返回至普通病房。术后第7天患者恢复良好,上述指标均降至正常值,顺利出院。
 
讨论
 
CAS是指冠脉一过性的痉挛,其可以导致冠状动脉部分或全部闭塞导致心肌组织缺氧及血小板激活和粘附,从而引起心绞痛、心律失常、心脏骤停及晕厥等一系列症状。而目前对于其病理生理基础则存在着多种说法:有研究表明CAS的发生与自主神经功能紊乱发生有着密切的联系;而在近期发表的动物研究表明血管内皮功能障碍以及冠状动脉平滑肌高反应性均在其发生过程中也起着重要的作用;也有研究显示氧化应激反应也会加速CAS的发生。但是CAS发生的诱因尚不明确,其可能与交感神经过度激活、β受体的反应性升高、以及心室的阈值降低有关。
 
本例中的患者术前心脏超声及冠脉CT未见异常,只是ECG出现了ST-T改变,但患者平日并无心前区疼痛等相关症状而且术前其心肌酶谱、肌钙蛋白均在正常范围内,可排除冠状动脉性心脏病及冠脉狭窄等相关病变。因此并未引起麻醉医师的注意,但术中宫颈注射肾上腺素稀释液后患者迅速出现了恶性心律失常以及心脏停搏,说明了该例心脏停搏的发生与肾上腺素的使用直接相关,而且既往国外也报道过肾上腺素能导致广泛CAS并加重心肌缺血的病例。同时本例患者其心电图缺血性表现并未发生在心脏停搏过程中,而是在心脏停搏之后的恢复过程中,这与CAS的特征性ECG表现是极其相符的。而后患者在ICU中表现出的无症状性心肌缺血也是CAS最常见的并发症。
 
目前CAS诊断的金标准“创伤性药物激发试验”由于其可能诱发恶性心律失常以及国内相应药物的缺乏,尚未在我国开展,我国目前只是根据相关证据的提示来进行CAS的诊断,所以根据上述证据可以诊断该患者为肾上腺素诱发的CAS。而CAS的处理措施主要在于快速识别其引发的心律失常及心脏停搏,目前对于单纯的CAS引起的心律失常,应用硝酸酯类药物和Ca2+拮抗剂通常是有效的,其中Ca2+拮抗剂是其主要的治疗药物,而硝酸酯类可作为长期的预防用药。
 
同时对于CAS引发的心脏停搏的心肺复苏过程中应尽量避免使用肾上腺素,因为其可能会进一步加重患者的病情,但主张及时的电除颤治疗,以便尽快恢复窦性心律。尽管本例患者在术中经过及时而有效的抢救措施后恢复了窦性心律,但患者在ICU中出现了肌钙蛋白I以及AST、LDH的异常,足可见短暂的心脏停搏就会对心肌产生严重的损伤。术中疑似发生CAS时应尽早判断并识别,同时对于术前ECG相关检查异常的患者应该引起麻醉医师的重视,警惕其有发生CAS的可能。同时在术中使用肾上腺素时要更为小心谨慎,因为对于此类患者极其微量的肾上腺素也有诱发CAS的可能。
 
原始出处:

于江,陈宏志.宫颈锥切术中肾上腺素诱发冠状动脉痉挛一例[J].临床麻醉学杂志,2018,34(04):410-411.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895170, encodeId=b64318951e0a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce478241e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82417, encryptionId=ce478241e0b, topicName=肾上腺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dba135, createdName=xuyong523, createdTime=Thu Jun 13 23:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284925, encodeId=d41212849251d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b67d8244123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82441, encryptionId=b67d8244123, topicName=肾上腺素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1311772, encodeId=66551311e72be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=624de11204a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痉挛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71120, encryptionId=624de11204a, topicName=痉挛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408183, encodeId=b12b140818370, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895170, encodeId=b64318951e0a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce478241e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82417, encryptionId=ce478241e0b, topicName=肾上腺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dba135, createdName=xuyong523, createdTime=Thu Jun 13 23:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284925, encodeId=d41212849251d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b67d8244123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82441, encryptionId=b67d8244123, topicName=肾上腺素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1311772, encodeId=66551311e72be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=624de11204a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痉挛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71120, encryptionId=624de11204a, topicName=痉挛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408183, encodeId=b12b140818370, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895170, encodeId=b64318951e0a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce478241e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82417, encryptionId=ce478241e0b, topicName=肾上腺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dba135, createdName=xuyong523, createdTime=Thu Jun 13 23:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284925, encodeId=d41212849251d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b67d8244123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82441, encryptionId=b67d8244123, topicName=肾上腺素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1311772, encodeId=66551311e72be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=624de11204a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痉挛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71120, encryptionId=624de11204a, topicName=痉挛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408183, encodeId=b12b140818370, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-04-05 apoenzyme
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895170, encodeId=b64318951e0a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce478241e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82417, encryptionId=ce478241e0b, topicName=肾上腺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dba135, createdName=xuyong523, createdTime=Thu Jun 13 23:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284925, encodeId=d41212849251d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b67d8244123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82441, encryptionId=b67d8244123, topicName=肾上腺素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1311772, encodeId=66551311e72be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=624de11204a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痉挛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71120, encryptionId=624de11204a, topicName=痉挛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408183, encodeId=b12b140818370, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 08:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-04-05 一闲
Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map