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复旦大学冯建峰教授团队首次绘制大脑功能网络动态图谱

2016-07-25 佚名 复旦大学

近日,复旦大学类脑智能科学与技术研究院院长冯建峰教授团队在BRAIN上在线发表了题为“Neural, electrophysiological and anatomical basis of brain-network variability and its characteristic changes in mental disorders”的论文,该研究通过核磁共振扫描技术度量人类大脑各个



近日,复旦大学类脑智能科学与技术研究院院长冯建峰教授团队在BRAIN上在线发表了题为“Neural, electrophysiological and anatomical basis of brain-network variability and its characteristic changes in mental disorders”的论文,该研究通过核磁共振扫描技术度量人类大脑各个区域的动态相互作用模式,并揭示其动态变化的产生机制,从而首次绘制了脑功能网络的动态图谱。

研究发现:大脑功能网络的动态变化与人类的智能高度相关。根据这一发现,未来将有可能通过赋予人工智能系统内部各部件动态相互作用的模式,使机器人真正产生人类的思维方式,这一重大成果或将对人工智能的发展带来革命性的影响。

该论文被选为Brain编辑推荐和当期封面论文,《英国每日邮报》等海外几十家媒体给予焦点报道。

“这项工作是我们在理解大脑网络动态变化道路上的一块重要基石 (an important stepping-stone)——评论《The flexible brain》by 2014年美国麦克阿瑟天才奖得主、宾夕法尼亚大学Skirkanich讲座教授Danielle Bassett

“传统智商测试因无法准确反映一个人的真实智力而受到诸多质疑。随着脑成像技术,特别是近年来功能核磁共振技术的发展,为我们定量化人类的大脑,并在此基础上充分洞悉人类智力提供了重大契机。我们的研究工作最初是从理解精神疾病如精神分裂症、抑郁症等疾病的大脑动态变化机制和疾病诊断出发,但却意外的通过这一工作,在解析人类智力上有惊人的发现,相信这将对目前如火如荼的人工智能技术发展带来更大的推动。”

近年来,冯建峰教授与其带领的复旦大学团队和英国华威大学团队,一直致力于利用来自世界各地的数以千计被试者的大脑静息态磁共振数据,定量刻化人脑的动态变化,识别人脑不同区域之间动态相互作用的机制以及其在精神疾病中的改变。这项研究发现,人脑中与学习、记忆紧密关联的脑区表现出高度的“可变性”。这意味着这些区域同大脑其他部分之间的连接模式变动更加频繁,可发生在短短几分钟甚至数秒之间。另一方面,人脑中与智力相关性小的区域,包括视觉区、听觉区和感觉运动区,皆表现出了低“可变性”和低“适应性”。一个人的大脑“可变性”越强或越灵活,个体的智力以及其创造力也就越高。

目前,人工智能系统并不具备“可变性”和“适应性”。而这两种人类独特的智能特性,已被该研究证实对于人类大脑的学习能力至关重要的。大脑网络动态图谱的绘制,未来可被应用于构造更先进的人工神经网络,使计算机具备学习、成长和自适应的能力。这一研究成果还在脑重大疾病的诊疗上带来重大发现,在精神分裂症患者、自闭症患者以及多动症患者的大脑默认网络中,都可以观察到“可变性”的状态变异。这也意味着,大多数精神疾病的根源来自于大脑可变性或可塑性方面的改变,这一认识可使科学家们能够更有效的治疗甚至是预防精神疾病的发生。

类脑智能科学与技术研究院据悉,冯建峰教授是上海国家数学中心的首席科学家,2015年受聘为复旦大学新成立的类脑智能科学与技术研究院首任院长。该研究院成立一年多以来,致力于开展脑科学与人工智能交叉前沿研究,在智能算法的发展及其对脑疾病的精准诊断上取得了多项重大突破,其中包括:利用多达数千例的脑疾病数据,开发了大数据驱动的全脑关联性分析方法(BWAS)的统计学方法,利用这一方法可实现在全脑数10亿的功能联接中寻找出病根:发现了精神分裂症病人中以丘脑为中心的脑功能异变网络(2015年Nature子刊Nature Partner Journal Schizophrenia),发现了自闭症儿童与人脸识别、社交相关的神经功能环路的显著变化(2015年Brain);研究发现了抑郁症病人大脑中憎恨环路的减弱和消失(2013年Nature子刊Molecular Psychiatry);同时,团队还发现了与纹状体相关的奖励预期行为受到VPS4A和RAC1基因的调控(2015、2016年PNAS)等,揭示了精神分裂症的脑结构具有“自愈”功能(2016Psychological Medicine)。这些突破性成果被CNN、福布斯等媒体给予集中报道,被誉为“在脑疾病的寻根和靶向治疗上找到了前所未有的新途径”。

目前,研究院正在积极开展国际脑科学研究合作计划。2016年7月,在瑞士召开的人类脑图谱年会美、中、英、法、德等六国闭门会议上,冯建峰教授发起了国际脑科学研究数据字典合作计划,建立了重大脑疾病多尺度数据(遗传、神经、影像、行为和环境等)标准化采集规范,与世界最大的多尺度数据库ADNI, IMAGEN, IMAGEMEND, BIOBANK开展数据共享。“我们正在利用全维度、多中心的生物大数据,发展一系列新型智能算法,期望在脑重大疾病寻根和大脑的定量化研究中,取得更大的突破。”

有关精细大脑图谱,是国际热点,刚刚发表的另外一篇也是绘制精细图谱(Nature:绘制出有史以来最为详细的人类大脑图谱

原始出处

Zhang J1, Cheng W2, Liu Z3, Zhang K4, Lei X5, Yao Y2, Becker B6, Liu Y2, Kendrick KM6, Lu G7, Feng J8.Neural, electrophysiological and anatomical basis of brain-network variability and its characteristic changes in mental disorders.Brain. 2016 Jul 14. 

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    2016-10-11 ylzr123

    好文值得点赞!继续关注学习。

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    2016-07-27 saikp
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