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留住3%的脂类,牛奶能帮助孩子更多!

2016-06-10 医学界妇产科频道 医学界妇产科频道

母乳含有婴儿生长发育所需要的营养素和各种生物活性物质,母乳喂养儿在认知能力、代谢等方面都优于非母乳喂养儿。母乳中除有种类齐全的蛋白质、维生素、矿物质和益生菌外,还有能提供大量能量并维持婴幼儿发育的脂类。 母乳乳脂中含有多种不饱和脂肪酸,中、短链脂肪酸以及磷脂、胆固醇等类脂,对婴幼儿神经和免疫系统的发育有积极作用[1]。牛奶乳脂与母乳乳脂同属天然乳脂,所以全脂牛奶在婴幼儿营养学中越来越受重视。全脂

母乳含有婴儿生长发育所需要的营养素和各种生物活性物质,母乳喂养儿在认知能力、代谢等方面都优于非母乳喂养儿。母乳中除有种类齐全的蛋白质、维生素、矿物质和益生菌外,还有能提供大量能量并维持婴幼儿发育的脂类。

母乳乳脂中含有多种不饱和脂肪酸,中、短链脂肪酸以及磷脂、胆固醇等类脂,对婴幼儿神经和免疫系统的发育有积极作用[1]。牛奶乳脂与母乳乳脂同属天然乳脂,所以全脂牛奶在婴幼儿营养学中越来越受重视。全脂奶中的脂类究竟对婴幼儿有哪些好处?

远离神经发育迟滞

有些宝宝学习新事物慢,甚至2岁还不太开口说话。老人们将这归结于宝宝“开窍晚”,但是父母们要警惕了,宝宝可能是神经发育迟滞!父母们除了送医确诊、增加训练和引导以外,还要考虑宝宝是不是营养不足。巧妇难为无米之炊,如果宝宝没有获取足够的营养来支持神经发育,再完善的智力训练也是无用功。

脱脂奶乳脂中富含磷脂、甘油磷脂和鞘磷脂。磷脂构成生物膜的基本骨架,如:细胞膜、细胞器膜、神经髓鞘膜等,约占脑组织干重的25%,并可促进DHA的吸收,诱导神经细胞的分化,增强神经突触间的连接性。母乳和全脂奶是婴幼儿神经发育极佳的原料来源;脱脂奶因完全去除乳脂,需要从其他食物中进行磷脂的补充。

抵御腹泻侵袭

如果发现宝宝腹泻,父母们一定要重视起来,这可能是急性胃肠道感染。轮状病毒或其他病原体导致的急性胃肠道感染是5岁以下婴幼儿死亡的主要原因,在发展中国家尤甚。母乳喂养可减少严重胃肠道感染疾病的发生或减轻其症状,其中的短链脂肪酸被认为可能是母乳的保护机制之一。

短链脂肪酸中的乙酸和丙酸可以增加肠道抗菌肽的分泌;丁酸则可令肠道细胞分泌更多黏蛋白,而黏蛋白是肠道非特异性免疫的重要组成部分,对多种病原菌均有抵御作用。此外,短链脂肪酸能够降低肠道内pH值,促进双歧杆菌增殖,利用占位作用阻止病原菌在肠道定植,维持肠道菌群的平衡。

腹泻同样可能是过敏的表现。研究发现,过敏体质的儿童肠道内乙酸、丙酸及丁酸的含量均低于正常儿童,母乳和全脂奶中的短链脂肪酸可通过减轻炎症反应及保护肠道粘膜完整性两种途径减少过敏的发生[2]

预防儿童哮喘

二十世纪后半叶以来,哮喘的发病率逐渐升高,除了香烟烟雾、空气污染等环境因素之外,膳食营养的摄入变化也引发了这一现象。据统计,我们日常生活中共轭亚油酸的每日摄入量在1960-1970年这十年间就下降了3-10 g,最大降幅甚至达到90%,而共轭亚油酸对预防哮喘的发生起到重要作用。

哮喘是一种慢性炎症,同时伴有气道反应性的增高;污浊空气、过度肥胖、肺部感染等都有可能令哮喘急性发作风险增加。肥胖是一种促炎状态,将导致脂肪来源激素和细胞因子的分泌紊乱,而共轭亚油酸可以通过调节脂肪代谢,改善和肥胖相关的炎症,防止炎症类脂肪酸的产生;同时,共轭亚油酸还可降低病毒感染力,调节病毒感染导致的炎症,预防哮喘发生[3]

由于共轭亚油酸只在反刍动物的肉和奶制品中产生,故其只能在母乳和全脂奶中被找到,在植物油及脱脂奶中则不含任何共轭亚油酸。非母乳喂养儿较母乳喂养儿有更高的儿童哮喘发病风险,配方奶粉中缺乏共轭亚油酸也是其中的一个原因。

全脂奶对神经及免疫系统的众多帮助,都归功于仅占牛奶重量3%的天然乳脂。但是想要宝宝健康成长,除了吃得好,还需要保证宝宝充足的睡眠和适量的户外活动,这样宝宝才能吃、睡、玩、学全面发展!

参考文献

[1] Bourlieu C.and M.C.Michalski,Structure-function relationship of the milk fat globule.Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care,2015.18(2): p.118-27.

[2] 万晓, 王新颖, 李宁. 短链脂肪酸的研究进展[J]. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2015(9).

[3] Macredmond R, Dorscheid DR. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): is it time to supplement asthma therapy?Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Oct;24(5):540-8.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89896, encodeId=79108989626, content=很实用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 08:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89454, encodeId=38aa89454a7, content=每个未来父亲的需要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160529/IMG574A6B851C0291840.jpg, createdBy=cb1b1723481, createdName=stomach, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89407, encodeId=c3838940eff, content=多喝牛奶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 11:17:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89312, encodeId=af5d893123c, content=很实用的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=044375165, createdName=sygao2002, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 07:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89267, encodeId=a6598926e9b, content=是这样吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89268, encodeId=89b589268a1, content=值得进一步研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-15 早茶月光

    很实用。

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89896, encodeId=79108989626, content=很实用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 08:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89454, encodeId=38aa89454a7, content=每个未来父亲的需要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160529/IMG574A6B851C0291840.jpg, createdBy=cb1b1723481, createdName=stomach, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89407, encodeId=c3838940eff, content=多喝牛奶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 11:17:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89312, encodeId=af5d893123c, content=很实用的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=044375165, createdName=sygao2002, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 07:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89267, encodeId=a6598926e9b, content=是这样吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89268, encodeId=89b589268a1, content=值得进一步研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-12 stomach

    每个未来父亲的需要

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89896, encodeId=79108989626, content=很实用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 08:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89454, encodeId=38aa89454a7, content=每个未来父亲的需要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160529/IMG574A6B851C0291840.jpg, createdBy=cb1b1723481, createdName=stomach, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89407, encodeId=c3838940eff, content=多喝牛奶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 11:17:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89312, encodeId=af5d893123c, content=很实用的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=044375165, createdName=sygao2002, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 07:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89267, encodeId=a6598926e9b, content=是这样吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89268, encodeId=89b589268a1, content=值得进一步研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-11 gyczyxy

    多喝牛奶

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89896, encodeId=79108989626, content=很实用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 08:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89454, encodeId=38aa89454a7, content=每个未来父亲的需要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160529/IMG574A6B851C0291840.jpg, createdBy=cb1b1723481, createdName=stomach, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89407, encodeId=c3838940eff, content=多喝牛奶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 11:17:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89312, encodeId=af5d893123c, content=很实用的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=044375165, createdName=sygao2002, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 07:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89267, encodeId=a6598926e9b, content=是这样吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89268, encodeId=89b589268a1, content=值得进一步研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-11 sygao2002

    很实用的发现

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89896, encodeId=79108989626, content=很实用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 08:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89454, encodeId=38aa89454a7, content=每个未来父亲的需要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160529/IMG574A6B851C0291840.jpg, createdBy=cb1b1723481, createdName=stomach, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89407, encodeId=c3838940eff, content=多喝牛奶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 11:17:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89312, encodeId=af5d893123c, content=很实用的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=044375165, createdName=sygao2002, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 07:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89267, encodeId=a6598926e9b, content=是这样吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89268, encodeId=89b589268a1, content=值得进一步研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-10 milkshark

    是这样吗?

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89896, encodeId=79108989626, content=很实用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 08:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89454, encodeId=38aa89454a7, content=每个未来父亲的需要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160529/IMG574A6B851C0291840.jpg, createdBy=cb1b1723481, createdName=stomach, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89407, encodeId=c3838940eff, content=多喝牛奶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 11:17:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89312, encodeId=af5d893123c, content=很实用的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=044375165, createdName=sygao2002, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 07:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89267, encodeId=a6598926e9b, content=是这样吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89268, encodeId=89b589268a1, content=值得进一步研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-10 milkshark

    值得进一步研究

    0

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