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SCI TRANSL MED:免疫系统基因变异相关的疾病“索引”

2017-05-15 佚名 测序中国

日前,由范德堡大学医学中心(VUMC)和亚利桑那大学药学院领导的研究小组创建了第一个与人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因变异相关疾病的综合索引。HLA 系统是目前所知人体最复杂的多态系统,可调节人体的免疫系统。



日前,由范德堡大学医学中心(VUMC)和亚利桑那大学药学院领导的研究小组创建了第一个与人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因变异相关疾病的综合索引。HLA 系统是目前所知人体最复杂的多态系统,可调节人体的免疫系统。

该索引可以帮助研究人员确定那些存在某些自身免疫性疾病风险,或者可能产生针对感染而攻击其自身组织的抗体的个体。研究人员将其数据公布在一个免费的网站上,研究人员表示,这项研究可以发挥电子健康档案(EHRs)的力量,以推进理解、治疗并最终预防疾病。相关文章于 5 月 10 日发表在 Science Translational Medicine 杂志上。

该报告确认了一系列此前报道的关联,并确认了一些潜在的新关联。研究人员表示:“我们基本上一下子就汇集了数十年来关于 HLA 与特定疾病的研究。”

研究人员于 http://www.phewascatalog.org 在线发布了该索引。该研究的共同第一作者 Karnes 表示:“据我所知,没有任何其他研究可以提供比这更广泛的开源数据。

HLA(人类白细胞抗原)是细胞表面上表达的蛋白质,使免疫系统将身体的“自身”组织细胞与“非自身”组织细胞区分开来,如区分入侵的病原体。HLA 基因的个体差异还与药物不良反应、器官移植排异反应和包括 I 型糖尿病及类风湿性关节炎在内的多种自身免性疫疾病有关。

此前的研究已经确定了 HLA 系统和个体“表型”之间的关联,包括自身免疫和其他疾病、症状等特征。目前的研究被称为“全基因组关联分析”或 PheWAS。

此前的研究通常一次只能研究一种或几种疾病。这项研究可以一次研究多种疾病,能够显示多种 HLA 类型以不同的方式影响多种疾病。

例如,一些 HLA 类型会使个体同时处于 I 型糖尿病和类风湿性关节炎的风险中,而其他人则只处于 I 型糖尿病的风险中,而免受类风湿性关节炎的风险。

该研究是通过 VUMC 维护的 DNA 数据库及威斯康星州 Marshfield 的 Marshfield 诊所个人化医学研究项目实现的。

迄今为止,来自不同个体的超过 23 万份样品已经存放在范德比尔特的大规模 DNA 数据库 BioVU 中。遗传样本与相应的电子健康档案相关联,其中的可识别信息已被删除,以保护患者隐私。

这些筛选出的个人电子健康档案中存在可能与 HLA 基因相关的近 1,400 种不同表型。

已有研究证实 I 型糖尿病与 HLA 的关联最强,此外,研究人员还发现了多种与多发性硬化症和子宫颈癌相关的新型的潜在关联证据,后者由病毒感染引发。

研究认为,具有某些 HLA 变异的个体可能会在某些情况下产生攻击自身组织的抗体,如发生感染时。Denny 表示,这表明高危人群可以最先通过识别并治疗其合并感染来预防某些自身免疫疾病。

原始出处:

Jason H. Karnes, Lisa Bastarache, Christian M. Shaffer, et al. Phenome-wide scanning identifies multiple diseases and disease severity phenotypes associated with HLA variants. Science Translational Medicine, 2017. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8708

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    2017-09-03 bsmagic9140
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    2017-05-15 tanxingdoctor

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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