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药品集中采购拟中选结果惹质疑 国家医保局回应

2018-12-13 常 路 环球医学

12月7日,国家组织“4+7”城市药品集中采购试点拟中选结果公布,并对外进行为期一周的公示。一时间,各方解读纷至沓来,有叫好也有忧虑与质疑。8日,国家医疗保障局对集中采购热点问题进行回应。拟中选结果显示,31个试点通用名药品有25个集中采购拟中选,成功率81%。其中,通过一致性评价的仿制药22个,占88%,原研药3个,占12%。与试点城市去年同种药品最低采购价相比,拟中选价平均降幅52%,最高

12月7日,国家组织“4+7”城市药品集中采购试点拟中选结果公布,并对外进行为期一周的公示。一时间,各方解读纷至沓来,有叫好也有忧虑与质疑。8日,国家医疗保障局对集中采购热点问题进行回应。

拟中选结果显示,31个试点通用名药品有25个集中采购拟中选,成功率81%。其中,通过一致性评价的仿制药22个,占88%,原研药3个,占12%。与试点城市去年同种药品最低采购价相比,拟中选价平均降幅52%,最高降幅96%。原研药吉非替尼片降价76%,福辛普利钠片降价68%,与周边国家和地区相比低25%以上。

根据公示,部分药价低得让人“惊呆”,如位于南京的某制药公司,恩替卡韦以每片0.62元的价格拔得头筹,而该公司此前最低中标价是6.72元;再如浙江某药企,其氨氯地平以0.14元的价格获得预中选资格。

12月8日,国家医保局举办媒体沟通会,邀请到国家医保局医药价格和招标采购司相关负责人、医药专家等,就业内关注的核心问题进行解答。

一、试点要解决什么问题?

试点办负责人表示,国家组织药品集中采购试点是对既往药品集中采购制度的重大改革。近年来,相关部门积极推进药品集中采购工作,但存在量价脱钩、竞争不足、采购分散、政策缺乏协同等突出问题。此次试点实现了4个效应:一是药品降价提质,推动药品降价和仿制药替代,通过量价挂钩、及时回款降低医药企业销售费用和财务成本,进一步降低药品价格,通过设定质量门槛,带量采购,扩大市场份额,提升群众用药整体层次;二是药品行业转型升级,通过设定质量标准和带量采购,推动医药企业结构和产品结构升级,通过量价挂钩、保证使用、及时回款,规范了流通秩序、净化了行业生态;三是公立医院深化改革,通过挤掉药品销售费用、改变“带金销售”模式,净化医务人员行医环境,促进合理用药,通过降价和替代效应,降低药品费用,腾挪费用空间,为深化公立医院改革创造条件;四是医疗保障减负增效,通过上述效应,减轻群众医药费用负担,提高医保资金使用效率。

二、如何看待拟中选药品价格大幅下降的情况?这对药品生产企业是否是利空因素?

联采办负责人:此次国家组织药品集中采购拟中选药品价格平均降幅达到52%,展示了联盟采购、带量采购的力量。拟中选结果公布后引发舆论热议,总体而言,舆论认为这是一项盼望已久的利国利民的好事,群众可以得到质优价廉的药品,生产企业可以节省交易成本,专注搞研发抓质量。也有些方面对此存在不同看法,甚至有一些过度的反应。我想说明几点。

一是结果符合预期。集中采购本身具有降低采购价格的效应,具体到企业,由于各自的费用结构不同、市场结构不同,降幅有高有低。上海市2017年对26个品规药品开展带量采购,平均降幅为54%。参考上海市效果,本次集中采购总体降幅符合预期。

二是中标不影响发展。药价虚高严重是我国医药领域存在的突出问题。根据权威部门调查资料,在药品销售价格中,生产企业的生产成本和合理利润,仅占了较小的部分。因此,拟中选药品价格大幅度下降后,挤掉的主要是销售费用等“水分”,药品生产企业“还是能赚钱的”。实际上,此次国家组织药品集中采购坚持市场机制和政府作用相结合的原则,通过一致性评价药品的生产企业,是否参加“4+7集中采购”以及参加采购的报价,均由企业根据生产经营情况自主决定。据了解,拟中选的企业都愿意自主降低价格以价换量。

三是降价不降质。本次集中采购以通过一致性评价为入围标准,中选后药品监管部门将强化监督检查和产品抽检,加强全生命周期质量监管,确保一致性评价不是“一次性”评价,因此群众不必担心药品的质量和疗效。

四是当期非利空、长期是利好。拟中选药品价格大幅下降,根本原因是在国家组织药品集中采购模式下,既往包含在销售价格中的销售费用、市场推广成本等“水分”没有存在必要了。第一,带量采购大大降低了药品进入医院的成本。第二,承诺及时还款降低了企业占款和融资成本。第三,联盟采购显着降低了其市场推广成本。第四,以市场换价格,通过规模效应降低了药品的单位生产成本。这些因素可以对冲药品降价的影响,给中选企业带来实实在在的好处。可以说,国家组织药品集中采购推动的带量采购模式,将药品生产企业从“带金销售”的无序竞争中解放出来,有利于引导其将努力转移到提升药品质量、促进药品研发的正确轨道上来,对我国医药产业的健康发展具有重大深远意义。

三、药品质量是否有保障?

试点办负责人表示,此次试点坚持质量标准,集中采购药品的质量入围资格以通过一致性评价为质量托底要求,实现用药质量的提升,同时也避免在竞争中出现“劣币驱逐良币”现象。为确保试点达到促改革、见实效、惠民生的目标,在中选结果执行中,国家药监局、工信部等部门,将采取有力措施保障中选药品的质量和供应。一是确保药品质量过关,加强对中选品种生产、流通、使用全周期的质量监管,提高抽检频次,加大违法违规企业追责力度;二是确保及时供应,夯实生产企业按照采购协议足量供货的责任,建立企业库存和停产报告制度,通过协议规范配送行为,确保供应稳定;三是确保及时回款,医疗机构应按采购协议及时支付企业货款,医保基金按不低于采购金额的30%预付医疗机构,鼓励医保基金直接向企业预付药款,调动企业积极性。

四、如何确保中选药品进得了医院用得上?

试点办负责人表示,确保中选药品进入医院并得到优先使用,这是试点成败的关键。医疗保障部门将会同卫生健康部门,健全公立医院的激励约束机制,为中选结果兑现保驾护航。

从医疗保障部门角度,将采取的措施包括:一是将药品使用情况纳入医保协议管理,明确违约责任及处理方式;二是出台支付标准政策,明确医保对同一通用名不同商品名的药品,按相同支付标准支付的操作细则及过渡期政策,引导参保人合理用药;三是加强对中选药品和未中选药品采购使用的监测监控,发现异常情况及时采取措施解决;四是对因规范使用中选品种而减少医保基金支出的医院,当年度医保总额预算额度不做调减,结余部分按比例留给医院,用于推进医院薪酬分配制度等改革,调动医务人员积极性;五是建立健全医疗机构医保考核评价指标体系,将中选药品使用情况纳入医保考核评价指标体系,建立相应的奖惩制度。

从卫生部门角度,将采取的措施包括:一是畅通中选药品优先采购和合理使用的政策通道;二是将中选药品纳入临床路径管理,制定用药指南,促进医疗机构科学合理用药;三是将优先使用中选药品纳入公立医疗机构绩效考核体系,建立医疗机构和医务人员的激励约束机制。

此次“4+7”城市药品集中采购试点是否能给医疗行业及百姓带来利好,可能唯有待时间的验证,但任何可能有利于医疗行业及百姓的改革都是值得尝试的!

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    2019-03-17 saikp
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    2018-12-15 wolongzxh

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