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eLife:鉴定出巨噬细胞是哺乳动物组织再生的关键因子

2017-05-17 生物谷 生物谷

2017年5月17日/生物谷BIOON/---在正常的伤口愈合期间,巨噬细胞(一种免疫细胞)清除损伤部位的细胞碎片,并且协助产生瘢痕组织。在一项新的研究中,来自美国肯塔基大学的研究人员发现这些免疫细胞是哺乳动物体内复杂的组织再生所必需的。这一发现揭示出它们有朝一日如何可能被用来协助促进人体内的组织再生。相关研究结果于2017年5月16日发表在eLife期刊上,论文标题为“Macroph


2017年5月17日/生物谷BIOON/---在正常的伤口愈合期间,巨噬细胞(一种免疫细胞)清除损伤部位的细胞碎片,并且协助产生瘢痕组织。在一项新的研究中,来自美国肯塔基大学的研究人员发现这些免疫细胞是哺乳动物体内复杂的组织再生所必需的。这一发现揭示出它们有朝一日如何可能被用来协助促进人体内的组织再生。相关研究结果于2017年5月16日发表在eLife期刊上,论文标题为“Macrophages are necessary for epimorphic regeneration in African spiny mice”。论文通信作者为肯塔基大学文理学院生物学助理教授Ashley Seifert。

多年来,科学家们一直试图了解为何一些动物(如蝾螈和斑马鱼)能够再生遭受损伤的身体部分,然而人类等其他动物仅能够产生瘢痕组织来加以应对。在差不多八年前,Seifert实验室就已了解非洲刺毛鼠(African spiny mice)是为数不多的能够进行复杂的组织再生的哺乳动物之一,这就使得它们成为特别有吸引力的实验对象。但是仍不清楚的是,非洲刺毛鼠和不能再生的实验室小鼠在遭受相同的损伤后如何产生显著不同的愈合反应。

Seifert和他的同事们决定研究相比于在实验室小鼠中观察到的典型瘢痕反应,对在非洲刺毛鼠中观察到的再生反应而言,它们的炎性环境可能存在哪些不同。尽管白细胞谱在来自这两种物种的未遭受损伤的动物中是相同的,但是损伤能够引发不同的局部反应。

论文第一作者、肯塔基大学生物学系博士后学者Jennifer Simkin说,“我们想知道炎性细胞是否正向地或负向地调节非洲刺毛鼠中的组织再生。通过将非洲刺毛鼠与常见的实验室小鼠进行比较,我们发现在组织再生期间有活性的巨噬细胞亚型不同于在瘢痕反应期间有活性的那些巨噬细胞亚型。”

利用非洲刺毛鼠作为研究对象,这些研究人员剔除了它们的耳廓中的巨噬细胞,发现这些细胞是启动对损伤作出的再生反应所必需的。当他们让巨噬细胞再次进入损伤部位时,它们的再生能力恢复了。当研究了愈合组织中不同类型的巨噬细胞时,他们发现一种促炎性巨噬细胞类型在瘢痕反应期间是大量存在的,但是在组织再生期间是非常罕见的。

论文共同作者、肯塔基大学医学院生理学系助理教授John Gensel说,“人们日益认识到巨噬细胞能够具有再生功能和病理功能。我们的发现提示着在我们的模式动物中,巨噬细胞激活有利于组织再生。下一步就是鉴定出组织再生所必需的巨噬细胞激活的组分。鉴于我们正在积极地开发临床上可行的选择性地激活巨噬细胞的药物,鉴定出巨噬细胞激活的可利用药物加以靶向的组分为提高人体中的组织再生潜力打开新的探索领域。”

这些结果表明促炎性巨噬细胞在调节再生反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。下一步就是探究这些不同类型的巨噬细胞以及作为对损伤作出的反应,局部的组织环境如何改变哪些巨噬细胞的存在。有希望的是,研究这些细胞机制将导致人们开发出新的恢复人体中受损组织的临床方法。(生物谷 Bioon.com)

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原始出处:

Jennifer Simkin Thomas R Gawriluk John C Gensel et al. Macrophages are necessary for epimorphic regeneration in African spiny mice. eLife, Published May 16, 2017, doi:10.7554/eLife.24623

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    2018-01-17 膀胱癌
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    2018-04-03 clmlylxy
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