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你必须了解的缺血性脑卒中相关研究进展

2017-02-26 MedSci MedSci原创

缺血性脑卒中是指由于脑的供血动脉(颈动脉和椎动脉)狭窄或闭塞、脑供血不足导致的脑组织坏死的总称。有四种类型的脑缺血:短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA);可逆性神经功能障碍(RIND);进展性卒中(SIE);完全性卒中(CS)。TIA无脑梗死存在,而RIND、SIE和CS有不同程度的脑梗死存在。本文小编就缺血性脑卒中相关研究进展进行汇总,与大家一起学习进步。【1】Stroke:胰岛素抵抗与非糖尿病的缺血

缺血性脑卒中是指由于脑的供血动脉(颈动脉和椎动脉)狭窄或闭塞、脑供血不足导致的脑组织坏死的总称。有四种类型的脑缺血:短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA);可逆性神经功能障碍(RIND);进展性卒中(SIE);完全性卒中(CS)。TIA无脑梗死存在,而RIND、SIE和CS有不同程度的脑梗死存在。本文小编就缺血性脑卒中相关研究进展进行汇总,与大家一起学习进步。

【1】Stroke:胰岛素抵抗与非糖尿病的缺血性脑卒中患者预后相关吗? 

卒中患者中发生胰岛素抵抗很常见。近日,卒中领域权威杂志Stroke上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员调查了胰岛素抵抗和非糖尿病患者首次急性缺血性脑卒中结局之间的相关性。

研究人员纳入了在ACROSS中国注册(中国急性脑卒中患者血糖调节异常)研究中的没有糖尿病病史的缺血性脑卒中患者。胰岛素抵抗是指在最高四分位数(Q4)范围的稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)指数。HOMA-IR通过公式:空腹胰岛素(μU/ml)×空腹血糖(mmol/L/22.5计算得出。研究人员采用多变量Logistic回归或Cox回归来估计HOMA-IR和1年预后(死亡率、卒中复发、较差的功能预后[改良Rankin评分3-6分]以及依赖性[改良Rankin评分3-5分])之间的相关性。

在该研究招募的1245例急性缺血性卒中患者中,平均HOMA-IR为1.9(四分位间距为1.1-3.1分)。调整潜在的混杂因素后,胰岛素抵抗患者相比于无胰岛素抵抗的患者死亡(调整后的风险比为1.68;95%可信区间为1.12-2.53;P=0.01),卒中复发(调整后的风险比为1.57,95%可信区间为1.12-2.19;P=0.008)、较差的预后(调整后的比值比为1.42;95%可信区间为1.03-1.95;P=0.03)风险更高,但在依赖性上不存在这种现象。HOMA-IR四分位数分类较与较高的1年死亡、卒中复发、较差预后(分别有趋势P=0.005、0.005和0.001)风险有关。

由此可见,在非糖尿病的急性缺血性脑卒中患者中,胰岛素抵抗与死亡、卒中复发以及较差的预后风险增加相关,但与依赖性无关。      


近期,一项发表在Stroke杂志上的研究开发了一个预测模型,模型使用组合磁共振灌注和扩散参数,包括脑血容量(CBV),表观弥散系数和微血管通透性(K2)来检查发生PH的风险。

此项研究基于CBV,K2值的立体像素;使用参与MR RESCUE临床试验(使用栓子切除术的中风血栓的机械回缩和再通)的患者的预处理磁共振成像数据,获得来自缺血性核的表观扩散系数。在单变量和多变量分析中评估了PH和成像参数的极值之间的关联。进行受试者工作特征曲线分析以确定预测PH的最佳参数和阈值。

此项研究结果显示:该分析中包括的83位患者中,20位发展为PH。单变量分析显示,在PH患者的梗死核心内,第10百分位的CBV和第10百分位数的表观弥散系数值明显较低,而第90百分位数的K2值明显较高。

使用分类树分析,阈值为0.47的第10百分位CBV和阈值为0.28的第90百分位数的K2的总预测准确性为88.7%,灵敏度为90.0%,特异性为87.3%,优于任何个体或组合的其他分类。

此项研究结果表明:联合第10百分位CBV和第90百分位K2是急性缺血性卒中患者发生PH的独立预测因子,诊断准确性优于单独的分类。  


高水平甘油三酯(TG)和低水平高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)是心血管疾病的危险因素。目前尚不清楚这种关系是否取决于血糖失调、性别或LDL-C水平。近日,糖尿病领域权威杂志Diabetes Care针对这一临床问题发表了一篇研究文章。

研究人员分析了3216名参与者(40%为男性,41%为糖尿病患者),这些参与者来自于美国印第安人以社区为基础的前瞻性队列(中位随访17.7年),并且在研究之初无心血管疾病。研究人员通过Cox比例风险模型估计了与TG和HDL-C水平相关的发生缺血性脑卒中与冠心病(CHD)的风险险比和95%可信区间,其中空腹TG水平≥150mg/dL被认为是“高”水平,而空腹HDL-C水平男性<40mg/dL(女性<50 mg/dL)被认为是“低”水平。这一模型包括了年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟、糖尿病、空腹LDL-C水平、抗高血压药物、体力活动、估计的肾小球滤过率和尿白蛋白/肌酐比值。

研究人员发现高TG水平和低HDL-C水平的参与者发生CHD的风险比是正常TG和HDL水平参与者的1.32倍(95%可信区间为1.06-1.64)。在糖尿病患者中也可以观察到该现象,但在那些没有糖尿病的患者中没有观察到该现象。高TG水平加上低HDL-C水平可导致CHD风险比增加1.54倍(95%可信区间为1.15-2.06)(P相互作用=0.003)而发生脑卒中的风险比增加2.13倍(95%可信区间为1.06-4.29)(P相互作用=0.060)。高TG水平和低HDL水平与LDL-C水平≥130mg/dL参与者的CHD风险相关,但这种相关在那些低LDL-C水平参与者中没有观察到。性别似乎没有改变这些相关性。

由此可见,高TG水平和低HDL水平成人,尤其是那些有糖尿病患者,其发生CHD和脑卒中风险增加。特别是,那些LDL-C水平≥130mg/dL的参与者可能发生脑卒中的风险增加。


最新一期的stroke上的一项研究对缺血性卒中患者来讲,康复治疗的强度和时间对其日常生活活动(activities of daily living,ADL)的影响。

研究人员使用日本诊断程序联合住院患者数据库对2012.4-2014.3的100 719例接受康复治疗的缺血性脑卒中住院患者进行了回顾性分析。早期康复被定义为入院后3天内开始的康复治疗。平均每天康复强度通过住院期间康复的总单位除以总的住院天数计算。多重填充的多变量Logistic回归分析和工具变量分析被用来评估早期强化康复与ADL评分提高之间的联系。

早期强化康复组,ADL分数提高的患者比例更高。多变量Logistic回归分析显示,在日常生活显着改善,早期康复(OR:1.08;95%置信区间:1.04-1.13;P<0.01)和强度>5.0单位/天的强化康复(OR:1.87;95%置信区间:1.69-2.07;P<0.01)显著提高患者ADL。工具变量分析表明,ADL改善者比例的增加与早期康复(危险差RD:2.8%;95%置信区间:2.0-3.4 %;P<0.001)和强化康复(RD:5.6%;95%置信区间:4.6-6.6 %;P<0.001)相关。

本实验结果提示,缺血性脑卒中患者住院期间早期开始强化康复有助于改善其日常生活活动。


最近发表在JAMA Neurol上的一项研究探讨了在MT(支架取栓)之前进行IVT治疗是否有益。

这是一项事后分析,使用的数据来自291例机械取栓的病人,这些患者来自2个大的多中心的前瞻性评价AIS患者中MT的临床试验(2010年1月1日到2011年12月31日进行的SWIF研究和2010年1月1日到2012年12月31日进行的STAR研究)。研究人员选取了接受组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂进行IVT,之后接受MT(使用可回收支架)的患者,IVT组;或只接受MT(使用可回收支架)治疗的患者,MT组。

该分析共包括291名患者,IVT组160名(55.0%)(平均年龄[SD],67[13]岁;97名女性[60.6%]),MT组131名 (45.0%)(平均年龄[SD],69[12]岁;71名女性[55.7%])。在基线水平时,IVT组的阿尔伯塔卒中方案早期CT评分(ASPECTS)较低(8 vs 9,P =  0.04)。从出现症状到腹股沟穿刺间的时间无显著统计学差异(IVT组254分钟 vs MT组262分钟,P = 0.10)。90天内的复查次数、再灌注成功率、功能自主性,90天内的死亡率,和手术部位的恢复情况在两组间也是相似的。症状性颅内出血(1% vs 4%)和1型脑实质出血(1% vs 3%)或2型脑实质出血(1% vs 2%)也没有显著差异(P =0.25)。血管痉挛在接受IVT和MT的患者中更常见(27% vs 14%)。多变量分析中,IVT组和MT组间的个人结局无显著的统计学相关性。

结果表明,有大血管闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者在机械取栓前进行静脉取栓并没有比单独机械取栓更有益。


近日,卒中领域权威杂志Stroke上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员旨在推导和验证基于急性的临床和先进的影像学指标的功能预后预测模型。

研究人员以前瞻性收集了短于4.5小时的缺血性卒中患者进行溶栓评估的数据库为基础,该数据库的人员来自5个中心,这些患者在治疗决策前进行了CT灌注和CT血管造影检查。个别变量的截止点来自于分类和回归树分析,然后对每个评价指标的最佳截止点被用来代入反向逻辑回归对0至1分和5至6分改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分的患者进行预测。保留在模型中的变量然后使用受试者工作特征曲线分析进行评估。

总体而言,共有1519例患者纳入研究,推导队列中有635例参与者,验证队列中有884例参与者。该模型能够很准确地预测所有考虑溶栓治疗(曲线下面积[AUC]为0.91)、进行治疗(AUC为0.88)与血管再通(AUC为0.89)患者中mRS评分0至1分的患者。其次,该模型也可以很准确地预测所有考虑溶栓治疗(曲线下面积[AUC]为0.91)、进行治疗(AUC为0.89)与血管再通(AUC为0.91)患者中mRS评分5至6分的患者。满足模型标准达到mRS评分0至1分和mRS评分5至6分的溶栓治疗患者比值比分别为17.89(4.59-36.35,P<0.001)和8.23(2.57-26.97,P<0.001)。

由此可见,本研究推导并验证了预测缺血性卒中患者预后的高精度模型。     


近日,卒中领域权威杂志Stroke上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员探究了全身麻醉与接受机械取栓的缺血性脑卒中患者预后之间的相关性。

研究人员在2009年至2013年期间在接受机械取栓的缺血性脑卒中患者中进行了一项队列研究,这些参与者均在纽约州计划与研究合作系统数据库中进行过注册。研究者采用工具变量(医院的全麻率)分析来模拟随机效应,并探讨了麻醉技术与病死率及住院时间之间的相关性。

在1174例患者中,有441例(37.6%)患者接受全身麻醉,733例(62.4%)患者接受清醒镇静术。使用工具变量分析,研究者发现,相比于清醒镇静术的患者,全身麻醉可导致患者病死率增加6.4%(95%可信区间为1.9%-11.0%),以及住院时间延长8.4天(95%可信区间为2.9-14.0天)。这与为防止出现1例死亡而使15名患者需要进行清醒镇静术相对应。对回归模型调整后,在用混合效应回归和倾向性得分进行的敏感性分析中,这些研究结果同样明显。

由此可见,在纽约州这一全面的接受机械取栓的缺血性脑卒中患者队列中,研究者发现全身麻醉可增加患者的病死率和住院时间,因此,在规范急性卒中护理时应考虑这些因素。      


近日,心血管病领域权威杂志JAHA上发表了来自于美国波士顿哈佛医学院的Betty Luan Erfe博士及其研究团队的文章,旨在评估语言偏好对急性缺血性卒中患者接受静脉溶栓治疗的影响。

在项目中,研究人员对3894例急性缺血性卒中患者进行了分析,这些患者参加了美国心脏协会的“获得指南®卒中”计划,该计划于2003年1月1日到2014年4月30日期间在研究人员所在医疗机构进行。研究人员收集的信息包括患者所偏好的语言以及他们接受的医疗护理措施,调整相关的协变量后,并采用描述性统计方法和逐步Logistic回归模型来评估患者的语言偏好和接受静脉溶栓治疗之间的相关性。

该研究共有306/3295(9.3%)例急性缺血性卒中患者偏好说非英语语言,共主要有25种不同的非英语语言。调整了其他社会经济因素的多变量,分析发现偏好说非英语语言的患者比偏好说英语的患者接受静脉溶栓治疗的可能性更大(比值比为1.64;95%可信区间为1.09-2.48;P=0.02)。然而,在包括年龄、性别和初始NIH卒中量表的模型中,患者语言偏好不再显著(比值比为1.38;95%可信区间为0.88-2.15;P=0.16),但NIH卒中量表与患者接受静脉溶栓密切相关(每增加一分的比值比为1.15;95%可信区间为1.13-1.16;P<0.0001)。

由此可见,结论与研究假设相反,一旦考虑初始卒中严重程度,在急性缺血性卒中患者中偏好说非英语语言与较低的静脉溶栓率无关。


载脂蛋白C3(APOC3)基因是APOA1/C3/A4/ A5基因簇的一员,在脂质代谢中起着至关重要的作用。血脂异常是缺血性脑卒中的重要危险因素。在本研究中,研究者对895例缺血性卒中和883个对照组患者的进行病例对照研究,检查在中国北方汉族人群四种基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)(rs2854116,rs2854117,rs4520和rs5128)对缺血性卒中的风险的影响。

应用多重测序法进行SNP分型,统计分析缺血性脑卒中潜在的基因型和等位基因频率。校正所有的危险因素,用Logistic回归分析,与GG基因型相比,rs5128的CC+GC基因与女性风险增加显著相关(OR = 3.38,95% CI = 1.82-6.28,P<0.01)。中国汉人中,rs4520多态性与女性缺血性卒中风险之间的关系是相似的。隐性遗传模式下,TT + TC基因型的这种变异使得缺血性脑卒中风险增加(OR = 2.05;95% CI = 1.28-3.29;P<0.01)。男性中单倍型分析显示,缺血性卒中组rs2854116-rs2854117-rs4520-rs5128的T-C-T-C单倍型比对照组增多(OR 1.49,95% CI = 1.18-1.87,P<0.01)。

研究结果表明,在中国北方汉族人群中,女性APOC3基因多态性增加缺血性脑卒中易感性的。


近日,妇产科领域权威杂志《obstetrics and gynecology》发表了旨在探索从新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中鉴别出动脉缺血性脑卒中的方法的文章,文章的作者Adami, Rebecca R医生将重心放在了围产期危险因素上。

该研究是一项,在2010年1月1日至2015年12月31日期间,所有研究者所在医院新生儿ICU而妊娠超过35周出生的新生儿纳入的队列研究,并且比较了新生儿脑卒中和因异常脑磁共振成像接受全身低温治疗的缺氧缺血性脑病的情况。在这6年期间,有22例新生儿脑卒中和47例因异常脑磁共振成像接受全身低温治疗的缺氧缺血性脑病。其中有3例新生儿进行低温治疗最初以为有缺氧缺血性脑病,后来被诊断为脑卒中。所有脑卒中新生儿血栓形成倾向检查为阴性。在单因素分析中,新生儿脑卒中患者癫痫发作的发生率和初始血小板计数明显增加。在出生6小时内,在单变量分析中P<0.1的变量在多变量模型上显著增加不安全的胎心率曲线、紧急事件、低Apgar评分和缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿代谢性酸中毒。新生儿脑卒中与增加的初始血小板计数显著相关。

因此,研究数据表明新生儿脑卒中与增加的初始血小板计数有关,而与剖宫产不安全的胎心率曲线、突发事件或围产期代谢性酸中毒无关。脑卒中是一种不与围产期危险因素无关的新生儿脑损伤,这样可以允许对其进行早期识别。

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    2017-02-27 榄枷檬

    缺血性脑卒中是指由于脑的供血动脉(颈动脉和椎动脉)狭窄或闭塞、脑供血不足导致的脑组织坏死的总称

    0

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    2017-02-27 cqykthl

    短暂性脑缺血发作

    0

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    2017-02-27 Lke

    学习。。。。。。。

    0

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    2017-02-27 飛歌

    看来真要活到老学到老

    0

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