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Cell Metab:越胖越忘事?研究发现肥胖可通过肠道菌群损害记忆力!

2020-10-16 王木木 生物探索

肥胖是多种疾病发展的开端,随着世界范围内肥胖症和相关代谢紊乱患病比例的增加,认知功能下降这一问题也变得严重起来。有研究发现,肥胖受试者会出现记忆力减退,体重指数(BMI)与成人的记忆力特征呈负相关性。

肥胖是多种疾病发展的开端,随着世界范围内肥胖症和相关代谢紊乱患病比例的增加,认知功能下降这一问题也变得严重起来。有研究发现,肥胖受试者会出现记忆力减退,体重指数(BMI)与成人的记忆力特征呈负相关性。

由于肥胖会导致肠道菌群发生改变,而学习和记忆功能与特定的微生物和代谢物有关,由此引发一种猜想,这三者之间可能具有某种关联。

近日,来自西班牙赫罗纳大学和庞培法布拉大学等处的研究人员共同在《Cell Metabolism》上发表了题为Obesity Impairs Short-Term and Working Memorythrough Gut Microbial Metabolism of Aromatic Amino Acids的研究成果,发现肥胖会通过影响肠道微生物的组成和一些芳香族氨基酸(AAA)的代谢,导致短期和工作记忆能力下降。

研究人员招募了116名中年受试者(其中65名肥胖,51没有肥胖),利用言语学习测验其即刻回忆、短暂延迟回忆、工作记忆和记忆广度等认知能力,并与受试者的肠道微生物组关联进行相关性分析,同时还使用MRI对受试者的言语和工作记忆中涉及的不同大脑区域体积进行了评估。

结果发现,不同的肠道菌群成员与认知能力和特定脑区体积具有相关性,例如厚壁菌门的梭菌属等与认知能力,以及与言语和学习记忆相关的左海马体体积呈正相关性,而拟杆菌门的脆弱拟杆菌、粪拟杆菌和变形菌门的梭状芽孢杆菌属、产气克雷伯菌等与记忆能力和左海马体体积及与工作记忆相关的右右额下眼眶体积呈负相关。除了微生物组成外,一些与芳香族氨基酸(AAA)代谢和一碳代谢等相关的菌群产生的化合物,例如核黄素、叶酸、维生素B12等也与记忆相关。

肠道菌群与大脑结构相关

之后,研究人员基于代谢组对血浆和粪便代谢物与记忆功能间是否存在相关性进行研究,发现血浆和粪便中的AAA(色氨酸,酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸)及其分解代谢物以及甜菜碱水平,与记忆能力存在关联。而肥胖会通过影响肠道微生物对AAA等的代谢进而影响它们之间的相关性,导致记忆功能受到损伤。

与记忆相关的血浆和粪便代谢组分析

为了进一步确认肥胖者的微生物菌群对记忆损害的影响,研究人员将22名受试者(包括11名肥胖且低记忆能力和11名非肥胖和高记忆能力)的肠道微生物移植到小鼠中,利用V型迷宫测试小鼠的记忆能力,发现,与对照相比,移植肥胖者菌群的受体小鼠的短期记忆功能发生下降,同时其芳族氨基酸(AAA)和叶酸的代谢以及前额叶皮层(PFC)中与肠道细菌相关的炎性基因的表达被检测到发生了相应的改变。

接受人类粪便移植的小鼠的微生物菌群和记忆能力

简而言之,该研究明确了一些与记忆相关的微生物菌群和代谢物,发现肥胖会通过影响肠道微生物和氨基酸代谢进而影响记忆功能。为了记性不变差,该开始减肥啦!

原始出处:

María Arnoriaga-Rodriguez, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs, Aurelijus Burokas,et al.Obesity Impairs Short-Term and Working Memory through Gut Microbial Metabolism of Aromatic Amino Acids.Cell Metab. 2020 Oct 6;32(4):548-560.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.002.

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    2020-11-30 维他命
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    2020-11-24 guojianrong
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    2020-10-24 一闲
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    2020-10-17 Jessica

    发现肥胖会通过影响肠道微生物和氨基酸代谢进而影响记忆功能。一句话,不能胖😭😭

    0

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