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Cell Stem Cell:干细胞调控和肺癌发展之间有何联系?

2014-06-25 佚名 cell

目前,加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)Brigitte Gomperts博士带领的研究小组,发现了被认为是肺癌发展的第一阶段的过程的内部活动。这项研究解释了修复肺部组织的成人干细胞生长的调控因子,如何能够引发癌前期病变的形成。这项为期三年的研究,最终会带来新的个体化肺癌治疗方法。肺癌是一种致命的疾病,美国大约29%的癌症死亡是由肺癌引起。      

目前,加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)Brigitte Gomperts博士带领的研究小组,发现了被认为是肺癌发展的第一阶段的过程的内部活动。这项研究解释了修复肺部组织的成人干细胞生长的调控因子,如何能够引发癌前期病变的形成。

这项为期三年的研究,最终会带来新的个体化肺癌治疗方法。肺癌是一种致命的疾病,美国大约29%的癌症死亡是由肺癌引起。
      
肺气管中的成人干细胞,可修复损伤或吸烟、污染、病毒或其他因素所致疾病后受损的气管。Gomperts和她的研究小组发现,这一修复过程,受到活性氧(ROS)分子的紧密调节。

最近的研究表明,低水平的ROS,对于传递信号给干细胞执行重要的任务——例如修复组织损伤,非常重要;而高水平的ROS可引起干细胞死亡。但是,启动这个修复过程所需要的ROS水平,仍然是研究人员讨论的主题。

这项研究发现,ROS在气管干细胞中从低到中等水平的动态流量,是驱动这一修复过程的因素,正在修复的细胞中的ROS水平,迅速回落到很低的水平,以防止细胞过度增殖 

Gomperts实验室发现,ROS回落到低水平受到调控,如果这种正常调控被打乱,相当于拉动了干细胞的刹车:它们会继续制造过多的干细胞,这会导致细胞不成熟,反而成为癌前期病变。随后,这些病变部位的细胞,随时间推移会发生渐进式的遗传改变,最终会导致肿瘤的形成。

Gomperts称:“低的ROS可保持干细胞处于待发状态,因此你的身体处于平衡,准备好应对损伤和修复。这种ROS调控的缺失,可导致癌前期病变。现在,利用适当的癌前期模型,我们可以开始寻找我们所说的‘驱动突变’,或那些使癌前期病变发展为成熟癌症的特殊变化。”

Gomperts指出,因为许多不同的因素——包括香烟烟雾、污雾和炎症——都可能引发气管干细胞中的ROS增加,研究人员可能最终会根据病因来定制治疗方案。她说:“一个人可通过多种方式发生癌前期病变,所以在不同的人群中,这个过程是不同的。想象一种个性化的方法,来确定患者体内什么途径出了错,就能够使我们采取针对性的治疗方法。”

本研究的最终目标是,发展一种靶向策略,通过靶定这些病灶的生物学,阻止癌前期病变的形成,从而阻止肺癌的发展。

Paul称:“我们的研究非常有意义,因为它揭示了肺癌是如何形成的,有望为这种可怕的疾病带来新的治疗方法。”

这项研究的显著之处还在于,它明确地确定了ROS如何影响干细胞的增殖。

原始出处:

Paul MK1, Bisht B1, Darmawan DO1, Chiou R1, Ha VL1, Wallace WD2, Chon AT1, Hegab AE3, Grogan T4, Elashoff DA5, Alva-Ornelas JA1, Gomperts BN6.Dynamic Changes in Intracellular ROS Levels Regulate Airway Basal Stem Cell Homeostasis through Nrf2-Dependent Notch Signaling.Cell Stem Cell. 2014 Jun 18. pii: S1934-5909(14)00196-9. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.05.009. [Epub ahead of print]

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