J Virol：肠道微生物群落如何影响HIV进展

2016-03-08 佚名生物谷

图片摘自：www.scientificamerican.com HIV或许是一种肠道疾病，这种概念容易让我们忽视该病因性传播和血液传播的特性，而实际上HIV感染并且杀灭的是CD4+细胞，而大约三分之二的T细胞都位于肠道中的淋巴组织中，在那里HIV就会繁殖扩散。近年来对血液的研究得到了越来越多科学家们的关注，因为血液可以在全身不断循环，而肠道似乎难以到达，研究者们仅能够通过侵入性的方法来对其进

图片摘自：www.scientificamerican.com

HIV或许是一种肠道疾病，这种概念容易让我们忽视该病因性传播和血液传播的特性，而实际上HIV感染并且杀灭的是CD4+细胞，而大约三分之二的T细胞都位于肠道中的淋巴组织中，在那里HIV就会繁殖扩散。近年来对血液的研究得到了越来越多科学家们的关注，因为血液可以在全身不断循环，而肠道似乎难以到达，研究者们仅能够通过侵入性的方法来对其进行研究，而更好地理解肠道的环境或许可以帮助深入理解疾病的发病机制。

近日，来自华盛顿大学等机构的研究者表示，HIV的感染会降低肠道中有益细菌的数量和多样性，同时增加其对肠道的负面作用，而这将会促使肠道发生生态失衡。生态失衡是机体肠道微生物组的一种干扰现象，其会引发多种不同微生物群体的干扰现象，从而诱发不同的机体疾病发生。

来自威斯康星大学的研究者Adam Ericsen说道，当将猴子暴露于SIV 8天后，猴子体内血液中循环的细菌数量就会增加1300倍，在SIV出现在血液之前后期机体中细菌数量的增加则会让研究者认为，病毒首先会攻击CD4+ T细胞，而这或可帮助肠道壁免于细菌的迁移，但随着动物机体免疫系统开始锻炼控制HIV，机体肠道屏障功能就会改善，而血液中的细菌水平就会下降，研究者还表示，通过调节这种活性就可以降低刺激HIV感染过程中机体炎症的发生。

研究者Jennifer Manuzak说道，我们在结肠和淋巴结中发现产生IgG的B细胞水平上升了，同时淋巴结中辅助T细胞的水平也上升了，而这或许就可以增强机体肠道的免疫反应，并且以此来增加HIV感染患者机体抵御病毒的能力。那么HIV感染到底如何影响机体肠道的微生物组呢？

文章中研究者对来自波士顿的145名个体及乌干达120名受试对象的肠道中的细菌群体进行了检测分析，发现在乌干达HIV阳性和阴性个体机体中肠道样本的差异较小，但却在来自波士顿的HIV阳性和阴性个体机体肠道中发现了明显的差异所在；更有意思的是，阴性的波士顿个体所测值为离群值，另外三组研究对象的肠道微生物群落则比较相似，未感染HIV的患者机体肠道中拥有较为丰富的微生物群落，而特殊的微生物群落最开始是由硬壁菌门细菌所组成的，病毒载量和特殊疗法都会对微生物群落产生影响。

近年来人们越来越能够接受利用粪便移植治疗艰难梭菌的感染，而研究者也希望同样可以利用这种粪便移植的疗法来恢复HIV患者肠道中的微生物生态平衡，同时帮助激活患者机体的免疫力来帮助抵御疾病发生。

原始出处：

Hensley-McBain T1, Zevin AS1,et al,The effects of fecal microbial transplantation on microbiome and immunity in SIV-infected macaques.J Virol,2016

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2016-04-16 wjcjjian

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2016-08-27 ms3892185887221420

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2016-03-10 yangjxjc

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2016-03-10 zhu_jun9837

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